Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The effect of pulsed cold-wire feeding on the performance of spray GMAW

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The application of pulsed cold-wire (P-CW) feeding has been one of the new approaches for arc welding over the past years. Such technique applied to GTAW shows that it can influence the process performance. However, P-CW feeding in GMAW has not been explored yet. Thus, the current work aimed at introducing and evaluating the effects of P-CW on the performance of GMAW, particularly with the spray metal transfer. The P-CW pulsing frequency and the angle between the cold-wire and the plate were varied in bead-on-plate and V-groove weldments. The effects of the P-CW on the weld bead geometry and metallurgical texture were, then, examined through cross-sections. The metal transfer from the wire tip to the weld pool and the arc behavior during wire feeding were analyzed backed by high-speed imaging. A thermal camera was used to monitor the back of the plates to examine the heat behavior with both the P-CW and non-pulsed feeding conditions. On the one hand, the results revealed that, although the pulsation affects the arc and the electric signal behavior and the metal transfer, no sensitive influence could be noticed regarding the weld bead geometries. On the other hand, the pulsed cold-wire feeding interfered in the thermal profile outside the weld pool. For the highest frequency explored, regardless the feeding angle, less heat was transferred to the plate. The smaller heat input in these cases limited grain growth, reducing the coarse grain HAZ area and resulting in a more refined microstructure. Therefore, P-CW showed to interfere in the GMAW process performance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kah P, Suoranta R, Martikainen J (2012) Advanced gas metal arc welding processes. Int J Adv Manuf Technol:655–674. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-4513-5

  2. Ribeiro RA, Dos Santos EBF, Assunção PDC, Maciel RR, Braga EM (2015) Predicting weld bead geometry in the novel CW-GMAW process. Weld J 94(9):301-s–311-s

    Google Scholar 

  3. Costa ES, Assunção PDC, Dos Santos EBF, Feio LG, Bittencourt MSQ, Braga EM (2017) Residual stresses in cold-wire gas metal arc welding. Sci Technol Weld Join 22:706–713. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2017.1306014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Assunção PDC, Ribeiro RA, Dos Santos EBF, Gerlich AP, Braga EM (2017) Feasibility of narrow gap welding using the cold-wire gas metal arc welding (CW-GMAW) process. Weld World 61:659–666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-017-0466-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ribeiro RA, Dos Santos EBF, Assunção PDC, Braga EM, Gerlich AP (2019) Cold-wire gas metal arc welding: droplet transfer and geometry. Weld J 98:135-s–149-s. https://doi.org/10.29391/2019.98.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ribeiro RA, Assunção PDC, Dos Santos EBF, Braga EM, Gerlich AP (2020) An overview on the cold wire pulsed gas metal arc welding. Weld World 64:123–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-019-00826-w

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Assunção PDC, Ribeiro RA, Dos Santos EBF, Braga EM, Gerlich AP (2019) Comparing CW-GMAW in direct current electrode positive (DCEP) and direct current electrode negative (DCEN). Int J Adv Manuf Technol 104:2899–2910. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04175-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Pike G (2013) Evaluation of the tip tig welding system, a semi-automatic hot wire GTAW process. Newport News Shipbuilding, Newport News

    Google Scholar 

  9. Jorge VL, Santos CH, Scotti FM, Larquer TR, Mota CP, Reis RP, Scotti A (2018) Development and evaluation of wire feeding pulsing techniques for arc. Soldag Insp (Impr) 23:326–339. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-9224/si2303.03 (in Portuguese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Baskoro AS, Amat MA, Pratama AI, Kiswanto G, Winarto W (2019) Effects of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding parameters on macrostructure, microstructure, and mechanical properties of AA6063-T5 using the controlled intermittent wire feeding method. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 105:2237–2251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04400-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Silwal B, Santangelo M (2018) Effect of vibration and hot-wire gas tungsten arc (GTA) on the geometric shape. J Mater Process Technol 251:138–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.08.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Santangelo M, Silwal B, Purdy A (2016) Vibration assisted robotic hot-wire gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) for additive manufacturing of large metallic parts. In: Solid Freeform Fabrication 2016: Proceedings of the 26th annual international solid freeform fabrication symposium: an additive manufacturing conference; Austin, USA. Austin: University of Texas

  13. Watanabe T, Shiroki M, Yanagisawa A, Sasaki T (2010) Improvement of mechanical properties of ferritic stainless steel weld metal by ultrasonic vibration. J Mater Process Technol 210(12):1646–1651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.05.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Silva RHG, Dos Santos Paes LE, Okuyama MP, Sousa GL, Viviani AB, Cirino LM, Schwedersky MB (2018) TIG welding process with dynamic feeding: a characterization approach. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 96:4467–4475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-1929-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Silva RHG, Dos Santos Paes LE, Marques C, Riffel CK, Schwedersky BM (2019) Performing higher speeds with dynamic feeding gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) for pipeline applications. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 41:38–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-018-1529-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Silva RHG, Riffel CK, Okuyama MP, Dalpiaz G (2019) Effect of dynamic wire in the GTAW process. J Mater Process Technol 269:91–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.01.033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Reis RP, Scotti A, Jorge VL, Larquer TR (2019) Device for pulsed wire feeding in metal fusion-based deposition processes. Patent no. BR 10 2019 012486 5 (in Portuguese)

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Center for Research and Development of Welding Processes (Laprosolda) of Federal University of Uberlandia, Brazil for the laboratorial infrastructure and technical support.

Funding

The authors would like to thank the Brazilian agencies for research development CNPq (processes 302863/2016-8 and 315092/2018-1) and CAPES (Finance Code 001) for awarding research and study grants.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Research and Development of Welding Processes, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil

    Vinicius Lemes Jorge, Fernando Matos Scotti, Ruham Pablo Reis & Américo Scotti

  2. Department of Engineering Science, Production Technology West, Division of Welding Technology, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden

    Américo Scotti

Authors
  1. Vinicius Lemes Jorge
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fernando Matos Scotti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ruham Pablo Reis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Américo Scotti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ruham Pablo Reis.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jorge, V.L., Scotti, F.M., Reis, R.P. et al. The effect of pulsed cold-wire feeding on the performance of spray GMAW. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 107, 3485–3498 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05247-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05247-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation