Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of dwell time on the microstructures and mechanical properties of water bath friction stir spot-welded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this work, a new water bath friction stir spot welding (WB-FSSW) process was developed. The effects of dwell time on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the WB-FSSW-welded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints were investigated by microstructural observation, tensile tests, and microhardness tests. It was found that compared with those of ordinary FSSW welds, the WB-FSSW welds have poorer tensile shear force, almost equal tensile shear strength per unit area τ and higher microhardness mainly due to the narrower bonded zone width of the hooks and microstructures in the welded joints, respectively. Moreover, with the increase in the dwell time, the microhardness and the tensile shear strengthen per unit area τ of the WB-FSSW-welded joints increased firstly and then decreased because of the fluctuant evolution of grain size of α-Mg and the volume fraction of the β-Mg17All2. The optimal dwell time for the WB-FSSW welding was from 10 to 15 s whereby the finest grains and the highest mechanical properties of the welded joints can be achieved.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Salahshoor M, Guo YB (2013) Process mechanics in ball burnishing biomedical magnesium–calcium alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 302:133–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Kulekci MK (2008) Magnesium and its alloys applications in automotive industry. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 39:851–865

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kojima Y (2000) Project of platform science and technology for advanced magnesium alloys. Mater Trans JIM 42:1154–1159

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Cao P, Qian M, David H, John S (2006) Effect of manganese on grain refinement of Mg-Al based alloys. Scr Mater 54:1853–1858

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Nandan R, DebRoy T, Bhadeshia HKDH (2008) Recent advances in friction-stir welding—process, weldment structure and properties. Prog Mater Sci 53:980–1023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Çam G (2011) Friction stir welded structural materials: beyond Al-alloys. Int Mater Rev 56:1–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Çam G, Mıstıkoğlu S (2014) Recent developments in friction stir welding of Al-alloys. J Mater Eng Perform 23:1936–1953

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Rajakumar S, Razalrose A, Balasubramanian V (2013) Friction stir welding of AZ61A magnesium alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 68:277–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Padmanaban G, Balasubramanian V (2010) An experimental investigation on friction stir welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 49:111–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Abdolahzadeh A, Omidvar H, Safarkhanian MA, Bahrami M (2014) Studying microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC-incorporated AZ31 joints fabricated through FSW: the effects of rotational and traveling speeds. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 75:1189–1196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Sato YS, Shiota A, Kokawa H, Okamoto K, Yang Q, Kim (2010) Effect of interfacial microstructure on lap shear strength of friction stir spot weld of aluminium alloy to magnesium alloy. Sci Technol Weld Join 15:319–324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Chandra T, Ionescu M, Mantovani D (2011) Preliminary investigation on friction spot welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Mater Sci Forum 706–709:3016–3021

    Google Scholar 

  13. Lin YC, Liu JJ, Lin BY, Lin CM, Tsai HL (2011) Effects of process parameters on strength of Mg alloy AZ61 friction stir spot welds. Mater Des 35:350–357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Karthikeyan R, Balasubramanian V (2010) Predictions of the optimized friction stir spot welding processparameters for joining AA2024 aluminum alloy using RSM. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 51:173–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Badarinarayan H, Yang Q, Zhu S (2009) Effect of tool geometry on static strength of friction stir spot-welded aluminum alloy. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 49:142–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Shen J, Min D, Wang D (2011) Effects of heating process on the microstructures and tensile properties of friction stir spot welded AZ31 magnesium alloy plates. Mater Des 32:5033–5037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Shen J, Wen L, Luo X, Xu N, Wang D, Liu M (2014) Development of novel heating tool friction stirspot welding (HT-FSSW) for AZ31 magnesiumalloy. Sci Technol Weld Join 19:369–375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Mofid MA, Abdollah-zadeh A, Malek Ghaini F (2012) The effect of water cooling during dissimilar friction stir welding of Al alloy to Mg alloy. Mater Des 36:161–167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Chandima Ratnayake RM, Brevika VA (2014) Experimental investigation of underwater stud friction stir welding parameters. Mater Manuf Process 29:1219–1225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Asadi P, Besharati Givi MK, Parvin N, Araei A, Taherishargh M, Tutunchilar S (2012) On the role of cooling and tool rotational direction on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir processed AZ91. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 63:987–997

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. James A, North TH, Thorpe SJ (2011) Localized corrosion of friction stir spot welds in magnesium AZ31 alloy. ECS Trans

  22. Bohlen J, Yi SB, Swiostek J, Letzig D, Brokmeier HG, Kainer KU (2005) Microstructure and texture development during hydrostatic extrusion of magnesium alloy AZ31. Mater Sci Eng A 53:259–264

    Google Scholar 

  23. Liu LM, Dong CF (2006) Gas tungsten-arc filler welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Mater Lett 60:2194–2197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Song X, Ke LM, Xing L, Liu FC, Huang CP (2014) Effect of plunge speeds on hook geometries and mechanical properties in friction stir spot welding of A6061-T6 sheets. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 71:2003–2010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Jonckheere C, Meester BD · Cassiers C, Delhaye M, Simar A (2012) Fracture and mechanical properties of friction stir spot welds in 6063-T6 aluminum alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 62:569–575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Su P, Gerlich A, North TH, Bendzsak GJ (2007) Intermixing in dissimilar friction stir spot welds. Metall Mater Trans A 38:584–595

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Park SH, Sato YS, Kokawa H (2003) Microstructural evolution and its effect on Hall–Petchrelation ship in friction stirwelding of thixomolded Mg alloy AZ91D. J Mater Sci 38:4379–4383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Mitlin D, Radmilovic V, Pan T, Chen J, Feng Z, Santella ML (2006) Structure-properties relations in spot friction welded (also known as friction stir spot welded) 6111 aluminum. Mater Sci Eng A A441:79–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Cizek L, Gregera M, Pawlicaa L, Dobrzanskib LA, Tanskib T (2004) Study of selected properties of magnesium alloy AZ91 after heat treatment and forming. Int J Mater Prod Technol 157–158:466–471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Yamamoto M, Gerlich A, North TH, Shinozaki K (2007) Mechanism of cracking in AZ91 friction stir spot welds. Sci Technol Weld Join 12:208–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Bozkurt Y, Salman S, Çam G (2013) The effect of welding parameters on lap-shear tensile properties of dissimilar friction stir spot welded AA5754-H22/2024-T3 joints. Sci Technol Weld Join 18:337–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Somekawa H, Hirai K, Watanabe H, Takigawa Y, Higashi K (2005) Dislocation creep behavior in Mg–Al–Zn alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 407:53–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Su CW, Lu L (2006) A model for the grain refinement mechanism in equal channel angular pressing of Mg alloy from microstructural studies. Mater Sci Eng A 434:227–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Heilmaier M, Saage H, Mirpuri KJ, Eckert J, Schultz L, Singh P (2002) Superposition of grain size and dispersion strengthening in ODS L12–(Al, Cr)3Ti. Mater Sci Eng A 329–331:106–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Nie JF (2003) Effects of precipitate shape and orientation on dispersion strengthening in magnesium alloys. Scr Mater 48:1009–1015

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People’s Republic of China

    Xiong Xie, Jun Shen, Fubao Gong, Dong Wu, Tao Zhang, Xiong Luo & Yang Li

Authors
  1. Xiong Xie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jun Shen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fubao Gong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dong Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Tao Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xiong Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Yang Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jun Shen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Xie, X., Shen, J., Gong, F. et al. Effects of dwell time on the microstructures and mechanical properties of water bath friction stir spot-welded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 82, 75–83 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7361-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7361-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation