Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Survey on computer-aided process planning

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) is the application of the computer to assist process planners in the planning functions. It is considered as the key technology for computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) integration. Nowadays, due to dynamic market and business globalization, CAPP research faces new challenges. In this article, an attempt is made to provide a comprehensive survey on CAPP based on features, knowledge, artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms (GA), fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic, Petri nets (PN), agent, Internet, standard for the exchange of product data (STEP)-compliant method, and functional blocks (FB) method/technologies for last 12 years (2002–2013). The aim of this paper is to provide an up-to-date survey with graphical representation for easy understanding of the past, present, and future of CAPP. The design of this paper includes a brief introduction of CAPP and its approaches, methods/technologies of CAPP, survey on CAPP, discussion, and conclusion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Halevi G, Weill RD (1995) Principles of process planning: a logical approach. Springer, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  2. Wang HP, Li JK (1991) Computer-aided process planning. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  3. Chryssolouris G (1992) Manufacturing systems: theory and practice. Springer, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  4. Boer CR, Petitti M, Lombardi F, Simon JP (1990) A CAPP/CAM expert system for a high productivity, high flexibility CNC turning center. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 39(1):481–487

    Google Scholar 

  5. Gologlu C (2004) A constraint-based operation sequencing for a knowledge-based process planning. J Intell Manuf 15(4):463–470

    Google Scholar 

  6. Koenig DT (1990) Computer-integrated manufacturing: theory and practice. Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ciurana J, Garcia-Romeu ML, Castro R, Alberti M (2003) A system based on machined volumes to reduce the number of route sheets in process planning. Comput Ind 51(1):41–50

    Google Scholar 

  8. Niebel B (1965) Mechanized process selection for planning new designs. ASME Paper, p 737

  9. Harold J (1984) Computer-aided process planning: past, present and future. Int J Prod Res 22(2):253–266

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ham I, Lu S (1988) Computer-aided process planning: the present and the future. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 37(2):591–601

    Google Scholar 

  11. Alting L, Zhang H (1989) Computer aided process planning: the state-of-the-art survey. Int J Prod Res 27(4):553–585

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gouda S, Taraman K (1989) CAPP: AAST, present and future. Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn

  13. ElMaraghy H (1993) Evolution and future perspectives of CAPP. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 42(2):739–751

    Google Scholar 

  14. Eversheim W, Schneewind J (1993) Computer-aided process planning state of the art and future development. Robot Comput Integr Manuf 10(1):65–70

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kamrani A, Sferro P, Handelman J (1995) Critical issues in design and evaluation of computer aided process planing systems. Comput Ind Eng 29(1):619–623

    Google Scholar 

  16. Leung H (1996) Annotated bibliography on computer-aided process planning. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 12(5):309–329

    Google Scholar 

  17. Cay F, Chassapis C (1997) An IT view on perspectives of computer aided process planning research. Comput Ind 34(3):307–337

    Google Scholar 

  18. Marri H, Gunasekaran A, Grieve R (1998) Computer-aided process planning: a state of art. Int J AdvManuf Technol 14(4):261–268

    Google Scholar 

  19. Xu X,Wang L, Newman S (2011) Computer-aided process planning a critical review of recent developments and future trends. Int J Comput Integr Manuf 24(1):1–31

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Yue Y, Ding L, Ahmet K, Painter J, Walters M (2002) Study of neural network techniques for computer integrated manufacturing. Eng Comput 19(2):136–157

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Sadaiah M, Yadav DR, Mohanram P, Radhakrishnan P (2002) A generative computer-aided process planning system for prismatic components. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 20(10):709–719

    Google Scholar 

  22. Yuen C, Wong S, Venuvinod PK (2003) Development of a generic computer-aided process planning support system. J Mater Process Technol 139(1):394–401

    Google Scholar 

  23. Gonzalez F, Rosado P (2004) General information model for representing machining features in CAPP systems. Int J Prod Res 42(9):1815–1842

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Woo Y, Wang E, Kim Y, Rho HM (2005) A hybrid feature recognizer for machining process planning systems. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 54(1):397–400

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hou M, Faddis T (2006) Automatic tool path generation of a feature-basedCAD/CAPP/CAM integrated system. Int J Comput Integr Manuf 19(4):350–358

    Google Scholar 

  26. Wang L, Cai N, Feng HY, Liu Z (2006) Enriched machining feature-based reasoning for generic machining process sequencing. Int J Prod Res 44(8):1479–1501

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Lee HC, Jhee WC, Park HS (2007) Generative CAPP through projective feature recognition. Comput Ind Eng 53(2):241–246

    Google Scholar 

  28. Zhao Y, Ridgway K, Al-Ahmari A (2002) Integration of CAD and a cutting tool selection system. Comput Ind Eng 42(1):17–34

    Google Scholar 

  29. Arezoo B, Ridgway K, Al-Ahmari A (2000) Selection of cutting tools and conditions of machining operations using an expert system. Comput Ind 42(1):43–58

    Google Scholar 

  30. Park SC (2003) Knowledge capturing methodology in process planning. Comput Aided Des 35(12):1109–1117

    Google Scholar 

  31. Jia XL, Xu XJ, Zhang ZM, Huang NK (2003) The research on representation and processing of process knowledge based on object-oriented modeling. In: 2003 International conference on machine learning and cybernetics, IEEE, vol 2, pp 657–660

  32. Grabowik C, Knosala R (2003) The method of knowledge representation for a CAPP system. J Mater Process Technol 133(1):90–98

    Google Scholar 

  33. Halevi G, Wang K (2007) Knowledge based manufacturing system (KBMS). J Intell Manuf 18(4):467–474

    Google Scholar 

  34. Liu Z, Wang L (2007) Sequencing of interacting prismatic machining features for process planning. Comput Ind 58(4):295–303

    Google Scholar 

  35. Denkena B, Shpitalni M, Kowalski P, Molcho G, Zipori Y (2007) Knowledge management in process planning. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 56(1):175–180

    Google Scholar 

  36. Yahia N, Fnaiech F, Abid S, Sassi B (2002) Manufacturing process planning application using artificial neural networks. In: 2002 IEEE international conference on systems, man and cybernetics, IEEE, vol 5, p 6

  37. Balic J, Korosec M (2002) Intelligent tool path generation for milling of free surfaces using neural networks. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 42(10):1171–1179

    Google Scholar 

  38. Devireddy C, Eid T, Ghosh K (2002) Computer-aided process planning for rotational components using artificial neural networks. Int J Agil Manuf 5(1):27–49

    Google Scholar 

  39. Korosec M, Balic J, Kopac J (2005) Neural network based manufacturability evaluation of free form machining. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 45(1):13–20

    Google Scholar 

  40. Ding L, Yue Y, Ahmet K, Jackson M, Parkin R (2005) Global optimization of a feature-based process sequence using GA and ANN techniques. Int J Prod Res 43(15):3247–3272

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  41. Deb S, Ghosh K, Paul S (2006) A neural network based methodology for machining operations selection in computer-aided process planning for rotationally symmetrical parts. J Intell Manuf 17(5):557–569

    Google Scholar 

  42. Amaitik SM, Kiliç SE (2007) An intelligent process planning system for prismatic parts using STEP features. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 31(9-10):978–993

    Google Scholar 

  43. Li W, Ong S, Nee A (2002) Hybrid genetic algorithm and simulated annealing approach for the optimization of process plans for prismatic parts. Int J Prod Res 40(8):1899–1922

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  44. Qin B, Jiang S, Wang N (2005) Genetic-algorithms-based combinatorial optimization method for alternative process plans. Zhongguo Jixie Gongcheng/China Mechanical Engineering 16(12):1076–1079

    Google Scholar 

  45. Li L, Fuh J, Zhang Y, Nee A (2005) Application of genetic algorithm to computer-aided process planning in distributed manufacturing environments. Robot Comput Integr Manuf 21(6):568–578

    Google Scholar 

  46. Vidal A, Alberti M, Ciurana J, Casadesus M (2005) A decision support system for optimising the selection of parameters when planning milling operations. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 45(2):201–210

    Google Scholar 

  47. Alberti M, Ciurana J, Casadesus M (2005) A system for optimising cutting parameters when planning milling operations in high-speed machining. J Mater Process Technol 168(1):25–35

    Google Scholar 

  48. Bo ZW, Hua LZ, Yu ZG (2006) Optimization of process route by genetic algorithms. Robot Comput Integr Manuf 22(2):180–188

    Google Scholar 

  49. Henriques E (2006) Towards the integration of process and production planning: an optimisation model for cutting parameters. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 28(1-2):117–128

    Google Scholar 

  50. Krishna AG, Rao KM (2006) Optimisation of operations sequence in CAPP using an ant colony algorithm. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 29(1-2):159–164

    Google Scholar 

  51. Wong T, Chan L, Lau H (2003) Machining process sequencing with fuzzy expert system and genetic algorithms. Engineering with Computers 19(2-3):191–202

    Google Scholar 

  52. Fuqing Z, Yi H, Dongmei Y, Yahong Y (2004) A genetic algorithm based approach for integration of process planning and production scheduling. In: 2004 International conference on intelligent mechatronics and automation, IEEE, pp 483–488

  53. Wu RR, Ma L, Mathew L, Duan GH (2002) Optimal operation planning using fuzzy Petri nets with resource constraints. Int J Comput Integr Manuf 15(1):28–36

    Google Scholar 

  54. Kasirolvalad Z, Motlagh MJ, Shadmani M (2004) An intelligent modular modelling approach for quality control of CNC machines product using adaptive fuzzy Petri nets. In: 8th Control, automation, robotics and vision conference, ICARCV 2004, IEEE, vol 2, pp 1342-1347

  55. Canales JC, Li X, Yu W (2006) Fuzzy knowledge learning via adaptive fuzzy petri net with triangular function model. In: The sixth world congress on intelligent control and automation, WCICA 2006, IEEE, vol 1, pp 4249–4253

  56. Wang L, Shen W (2003) DPP: an agent-based approach for distributed process planning. J Intell Manuf 14(5):429–439

    Google Scholar 

  57. Allen R, Harding J, Newman S (2005) The application of STEP-NC using agent-based process planning. Int J Prod Res 43(4):655–670

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  58. Nassehi A, Newman S, Allen R (2006) The application of multiagent systems for STEP-NC computer aided process planning of prismatic components. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 46(5):559–574

    Google Scholar 

  59. Fichtner D, Nestler A, Dang T, Schulze A, Carlsen U, Schreiber S, Lee SW (2006) Use of agents and neural networks for acquisition and preparation of distributed NC information to support NC planning. Int J Comput Integr Manuf 19(6):581–592

    Google Scholar 

  60. Zhang S (2002) A web-based expert system on computer aided process planning. In: The 2002 International conference on IEEE control and automation ICCA. Final program and book of abstracts, pp 214–214

  61. Changyi L, Gewei Z, Wenhe L, Feiyan Q (2004) A component based computer aided process planning system for CSCW. In: The 8th international conference on computer supported cooperative work in design, IEEE, vol. 1, pp 169–173

  62. Chung C, Peng Q (2004) The selection of tools and machines on web-based manufacturing environments. Int JMach Tools Manuf 44(2):317–326

    Google Scholar 

  63. Xu Z, Cai M, Lin L, Dong J (2005) Study of networked manufacturing oriented cooperative CAPP system. In: Proceedings of the ninth international conference on computer supported cooperative work in design, IEEE, vol. 2, pp 1106–1111

  64. Xu X, Wang H, Mao J, Newman S, Kramer T, Proctor F, Michaloski J (2005) STEP-compliant NC research: the search for intelligent CAD/CAPP/CAM/CNC integration. Int J Prod Res 43(17):3703–3743

    Google Scholar 

  65. You CF, Lin CH (2005) Java-based computer-aided process planning. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 26(9-10):1063–1070

    Google Scholar 

  66. Wenjian L, Gaoliang P (2005) An internet-enabled setup planning system. In: Third international conference on information technology and applications, ICITA 2005, IEEE, vol. 2, pp 89–92

  67. Gaoliang P, Wenjian L, Xutang Z (2005) An Internet-based system for setup planning in machining operations. In: 10th IEEE international conference on engineering of complex computer systems. ICECCS 2005 proceedings, IEEE, pp 245–251

  68. Kang M, Han J, Moon J (2003) An approach for interlinking design and process planning. J Mater Process Technol 139(1):589–595

    Google Scholar 

  69. Ong S, Li W, Nee A (2003) STEP-based integration of feature recognition and design-by-feature for manufacturing applications in a concurrent engineering environment. Int J Comput Appl Technol 18(1):78–92

    Google Scholar 

  70. Lau H, Lee C, Jiang B, Hui I, Pun K (2005) Development of a computer-integrated system to support CAD to CAPP. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 29(9–10):1032–1042

    Google Scholar 

  71. Nassehi A, Newman S, Allen R (2006) STEP-NC compliant process planning as an enabler for adaptive global manufacturing. Robot Comput Integr Manuf 22(5):456–467

    Google Scholar 

  72. Stroud I, Xirouchakis P (2006) Strategy features for communicating aesthetic shapes for manufacturing. Int J Comput Integr Manuf 19(6):639–649

    Google Scholar 

  73. Brecher C, Vitr M, Wolf J (2006) Closed-loop CAPP/CAM/CNC process chain based on STEPand STEP-NC inspection tasks. Int J Comput Integr Manuf 19(6):570–780

    Google Scholar 

  74. Nassehi A, Liu R, Newman S (2007) A new software platform to support feature-based process planning for interoperable STEP-NC manufacture. Int J Comput Integr Manuf 20(7):669–683

    Google Scholar 

  75. Wang H, Xu X, Tedford JD (2007) An adaptable CNC system based on STEP-NC and function blocks. Int J Prod Res 45(17):3809–3829

    Google Scholar 

  76. Wang L, Feng HY, Song C, Jin W (2007) Function block design for adaptive execution control of job shop machining operations. Int J Prod Res 47(12):3413–3434

    Google Scholar 

  77. Liu S, Zhang Z, Tian X (2007) A typical process route discovery method based on clustering analysis. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 35(1–2):186–194

    Google Scholar 

  78. Babic B, Nesic N, Miljkovic Z (2008) A review of automated feature recognition with rule-based pattern recognition. Comput Ind 54(4):321–337

    Google Scholar 

  79. Abu R, Md Tap M (2010) Attribute based feature recognition for machining features. Jurnal Teknologi 46:87103

    Google Scholar 

  80. Gracia F, Lanz M, Jarvenpaa E, Tuokko R (2011) Process planning based on feature recognition method. In: 2011 IEEE international symposium on assembly and manufacturing (ISAM), IEEE, pp 1–5

  81. Yu H, Xing J, Xang X (2012) Research on CAPP method for rotational parts based on case retrieval. Machinery 1:014

    Google Scholar 

  82. Behera AK, Lauwers B, Duflou JR (2012) Advanced feature detection algorithms for incrementally formed sheet metal parts. Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China 22:315–322

    Google Scholar 

  83. Celik I, Unuvar A (2013) A new object coding system for computer-aided process planning applications. Arab J Sci Eng 38(5):1103–1113

    Google Scholar 

  84. Ciurana J, Garcia-Romeu M, Ferrer I, Casadess M (2008) A model for integrating process planning and production planning and control in machining processes. Robot Comput Integr Manuf 24(4):532–544

    Google Scholar 

  85. Zhang S, Shi Y, Fan H, Huang R, Cao J (2010) Serial 3D model reconstruction for machining evolution of rotational parts by merging semantic and graphic process planning information. Comput Aided Des 42(9):781–794

    Google Scholar 

  86. Marchetta M, Forradellas R (2010) An artificial intelligence planning approach to manufacturing feature recognition. Comput Aided Des 43(3):248–256

    Google Scholar 

  87. Chen W, Xie S, Zeng F, Li B (2010) A new process knowledge representation approach using parameter flow chart. Comput Ind 62(1):9–22

    Google Scholar 

  88. Helgoson M, Kalhori V (2010) A conceptual model for knowledge integration in process planning. Procedia CIRP 3:573–578

    Google Scholar 

  89. Wang J, Zhang H, Su Z (2011) Manufacturing knowledge modeling based on artificial neural network for intelligent CAPP. Appl Mech Mater 127:310–315

    Google Scholar 

  90. Liang JS (2011) A troubleshooting process planning using knowledge base and distributed database approach. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 54(5-8):701–719

    Google Scholar 

  91. Chen H, Yau H, Lin C (2012) Computer-aided process planning for NC tool path generation of complex shoe molds. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 58(5):607–619

    Google Scholar 

  92. Lin AC, Sheu DK (2012) Computer-aided process planning of strip layout in progressive dies. Appl Mech Mater 110:5106–5110

    Google Scholar 

  93. Naranje V, Kumar S (2013) A knowledge based system for process planning of axisymmetric deep drawn parts. Key Eng Mater 549:239–246

    Google Scholar 

  94. Sunil V, Pande S (2008) Automatic recognition of machining features using artificial neural networks. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 41(9):932–947

    Google Scholar 

  95. Sormaz D, Arumugam J, Harihara RS, Patel C, Neerukonda N (2010) Integration of product design, process planning, scheduling, and FMS control using XML data representation. Robot Comput Integr Manuf 26(6):583–595

    Google Scholar 

  96. Sreeramulu D, Singh SK, Rao C (2012) Generation of optimum sequence of operations using ant colony algorithm. Int J Adv Oper Manag 4(4):253–271

    Google Scholar 

  97. Liu XJ, Yi H, Ni ZH (2013) Application of ant colony optimization algorithm in process planning optimization. J Intell Manuf 24(1):1–13

    Google Scholar 

  98. Petrović M, Milijkovic Z, Babic B (2013) Integration of process planning, scheduling, and mobile robot navigation based on TRIZ and multi-agent methodology. FME Trans 41(2):120–129

    Google Scholar 

  99. Salehi M, Tavakkoli-Moghaddam R (2009) Application of genetic algorithm to computer-aided process planning in preliminary and detailed planning. Eng Appl Artif Intell 22(8):1179–1187

    Google Scholar 

  100. Taiyong L (2011) Optimization of cutting parameters based on Pareto genetic algorithm. Trans Chin Soc Agric Mach 2:046

    Google Scholar 

  101. Stryczek R (2011) A hybrid approach for manufacturability analysis. Adv Manuf Sci Technol 35(3):55–70

    Google Scholar 

  102. Ouyang H, Shen B (2012) STEP-NC oriented process planning optimization based on hybrid genetic algorithm. Comput Integr Manuf Syst 18(1):66–75

    Google Scholar 

  103. Fan S, Wang J (2012) Multi-objective decision and optimization of process routing based on genetic algorithm (GA). Adv Mater Res 457:1494–1498

    Google Scholar 

  104. Liu L, Qiao L (2012) Operation sequencing using genetic algorithm. Appl Mech Mater 163:57–61

    Google Scholar 

  105. Tavcar J, Slak A, Duhovnik J (2013) Concurrent process planning and scheduling applied into production of turned parts. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 837–848

    Google Scholar 

  106. Agrawal R, Shukla SK, Kumar S, Tiwari MK (2009) Multi-agent system for distributed computer-aided process planning problem in e-manufacturing environment. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 44(5):579–594

    Google Scholar 

  107. Li X, Zhang C, Gao L, Li W, Shao X (2010) An agent-based approach for integrated process planning and scheduling. Expert Syst Appl 37(2):1256–1264

    Google Scholar 

  108. Moghaddam M, Soleymani M, Farsi M (2013) Sequence planning for stamping operations in progressive dies. J Intell Manuf:1–11

  109. Hu C, Li Z, Zheng L, Li N, Wen P (2008) An XML-based implementation of manufacturing route sheet documents for context-sensitive and web-based process planning. Int J Comput Integr Manuf 21(6):647–656

    Google Scholar 

  110. Alvares A, Ferreira J, Lorenzo R (2008) An integrated web-based CAD/CAPP/CAM system for the remote design andmanufacture of feature-based cylindrical parts. J Intell Manuf 19(6):643–659

    Google Scholar 

  111. Benavente JCT, Ferreira JCE, Goulart CM, VGd Oliveira (2013) A STEP-NC compliant system for the remote design and manufacture of mechanical components through the Internet. Int J Comput Integr Manuf 26(5):412–428

    Google Scholar 

  112. Wang L (2013) Machine availability monitoring and machining process planning towards Cloud manufacturing. CIRP J Manuf Sci Technol 6(4):263–273

    Google Scholar 

  113. Yifei T, Dongbo L, Changbo L, Minjian Y (2008) A feature extraction-based process-planning system. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 38(11):1192–1200

    Google Scholar 

  114. Chung DH, Suh SH (2008) ISO 14649-based nonlinear process planning implementation for complex machining. Comput Aided Des 40(5):521–536

    Google Scholar 

  115. Rameshbabu V, Shunmugam M (2009) Hybrid feature recognition method for setup planning from STEP AP-203. Robot Comput Integr Manuf 25(2):393–408

    Google Scholar 

  116. Yusof Y (2009) STEP-NC-compliant systems for the manufacturing environment. Proceedings of World Academy of Science. Eng Technol 49:15–24

    Google Scholar 

  117. Yusof Y, Newman S, Nassehi A, Case K (2009) Interoperable CNC system for turning operations. In: Proceedings of world academy of science, engineering and technology, vol 34. Citeseer, pp 941–947

  118. Zhao Y, Haseeb S, Xu X (2009) Research into integrated design and manufacturing based on STEP. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 44(5):606–624

    Google Scholar 

  119. Zhang X, Nassehi A, Dhokia V, Newman S (2012) Refining process logic from CNC part programmes for integrated STEP-NC compliant manufacturing of prismatic parts. Enabling manufacturing competitiveness and economic sustainability, pp 333–338

  120. Borgia S, Matta A, Tolio T (2013) STEP-NC compliant approach for setup planning problem on multiple fixture pallets. J Manuf Syst 32(4):781–791

    Google Scholar 

  121. Wang L, Adamson G, Holm M, Moore P (2012) A review of function blocks for process planning and control of manufacturing equipment. J Manuf Syst 31(3):269–279

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yusri Yusof.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yusof, Y., Latif, K. Survey on computer-aided process planning. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 75, 77–89 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-6073-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-6073-3

Keywords

Navigation