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Moving up and down the urban hierarchy: age-articulated interregional migration flows in the Netherlands

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Abstract

The ‘age schedule of migration’ has been studied fairly extensively. Yet, its regional implications have received only limited attention. The highly cited seminal paper of Plane and Jurjevich (Prof Geogr 61(1):4–20, 2009) was demonstrated in a novel manner on the basis of US Census data that, when interregional migration flows are disaggregated by age, radically different patterns of net population redistribution are observable in the sense of upward and downward movements within the urban hierarchy of the USA. This study aims to demonstrate how interregional migration flows play out in a different geographic setting by replicating the methodological approach of Plane and Jurjevich (2009) in the case of the Netherlands, a country with a very different urban system and spatial population pattern to the USA. Our aim was to identify whether the differing geographical context leads to different upward and downward movements. The most notably marked flows or ‘demographically effective’ flows in the Netherlands are the movements made by young adults and older adults aged 75 and over. We also observe recently emerging differences in the migration patterns of retirees, with the ‘75 and older’ age cohort oriented towards smaller towns and rural areas, while the ‘65–74’ age cohort are increasingly oriented towards urban areas. In addition, we comment on the possible consequences of these differing patterns of age-articulated interregional flows when allied with the emerging demographic changes.

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Notes

  1. The most effective movement is from the very strongly urbanised areas to the non-urbanised areas. The demographic efficiency of this movement is calculated as 100 %, indicating that all migrants between these two levels were moving down the urban hierarchy, although this is also a small sample observation (\(N=5\)).

  2. Our data sample contains 14,497 observations of inter-urban movers, but the subsets of inter-urban movers over 65 years old contain just \(N = 410\) for 65–74 year olds and \(N = 361\) for over 75s, which together amount to just over 5 % of the total sample moving population. However, the patterns of movers broken down by age cohort (as represented in Fig. 3) in our sample almost perfectly reflect the age-related mobility patterns evident in the UK [see Figure 3.6 on page 33 of Fielding (2012), a country which also has identical aggregate interregional mobility rates to the Netherlands (OECD 2013) at the levels of OECD-TL3 small regions]. Our sample data are therefore likely to be highly representative of the Netherlands as a whole.

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  1. Department of Economic Geography, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Petra A. de Jong, Aleid E. Brouwer & Philip McCann

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  1. Petra A. de Jong
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  2. Aleid E. Brouwer
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Correspondence to Petra A. de Jong.

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de Jong, P.A., Brouwer, A.E. & McCann, P. Moving up and down the urban hierarchy: age-articulated interregional migration flows in the Netherlands. Ann Reg Sci 57, 145–164 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-016-0772-7

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