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Synthesis of phase-only thinned concentric elliptical antenna arrays based on the topology optimization continuous 0–1 differentiation

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Abstract

This paper proposes a gradient-based optimization method for pattern synthesis of phase-only thinned concentric elliptical antenna arrays (CEAAs) with the tangent interpolation function of continuous 0–1 differentiation in topology optimization. The optimization model is reasonably constructed and actualized by simultaneously optimizing the presence or absence of metal materials and the excitation phase within each array element. In order to facilitate solving the optimization problem using the gradient-based algorithms and performing the CEAA pattern synthesis, the tangent interpolation function of metal material with a pseudo-resistance is introduced to realize the continuous 0–1 differentiation of each array element. The design objective is to maximize the difference between the radiation energies of the main-beam direction and the peak sidelobe level with the constraints on the total number of remaining elements. For ensuring that the mutual coupling between the elements is accurately considered, the full-wave method of moments (MoM) is integrated into the optimization method to synthesize the array radiation pattern. Typical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the uniform array and the reference CEAA, the proposed method not only achieves the sidelobe suppression and aperture reduction but also significantly decreases the total number of array elements.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12172076), and in part by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Research and Development Fund (JSGG20200102155001779). These financial supports are gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China

    Yi Tang, Tian Wang & Tangying Liu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China

    Renjing Gao & Shutian Liu

  3. Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, 315016, China

    Renjing Gao

  4. School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China

    Xiangyu Tian

Authors
  1. Yi Tang
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  2. Renjing Gao
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  3. Tian Wang
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  4. Xiangyu Tian
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  5. Tangying Liu
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  6. Shutian Liu
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Contributions

A. B. and C. wrote the main manuscript text. D. and E. prepared figure 1-5. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tian Wang.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Replication of results

The results presented in this manuscript are in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, and Fig. 5. The results can be duplicated by implementing the optimization model and simulated process, which the method is presented in this paper. The data of the obtained results through the proposed method can be provided upon request.

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Responsible Editor: Emilio Silva

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Tang, Y., Gao, R., Wang, T. et al. Synthesis of phase-only thinned concentric elliptical antenna arrays based on the topology optimization continuous 0–1 differentiation. Struct Multidisc Optim 67, 10 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-023-03722-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-023-03722-6

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