Skip to main content
Log in

Multiscale topology optimization for coated structures with multifarious-microstructural infill

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In engineering, cellular structures are often manufactured with coating for protection or to improve certain functionalities. This paper concentrates on the design of coated structures consisting of an exterior solid shell and an inner base part filled by multifarious microstructures, and a novel multiscale topology optimization method is proposed. Firstly, a representation method and a material interpolation model are developed to describe a coated structure with multifarious-microstructural infill and define its properties, respectively. At macroscale, coating-base distribution is determined by the parametric level set method (PLSM) with re-initialization. To optimize structural performance at a computationally affordable cost, controllable kinds of microstructures are considered, and their spatial distribution over the whole base region is optimized by the ordered SIMP method with a threshold scheme. At microscale, the configurations of microstructures are generated by PLSM with the numerical homogenization method, in which the volume fraction limit values correspond to the design variables of the ordered SIMP method in macroscale. The compliance minimization problem subject to a material mass constraint is investigated, and sensitivity analysis is derived. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alexandersen J, Lazarov BS (2015) Topology optimisation of manufacturable microstructural details without length scale separation using a spectral coarse basis preconditioner. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 290:156–182

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Allaire G (2002) Shape optimization by the homogenization method. Springer-Verlag, Berlin

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Allaire G, Jouve F, Toader A-M (2004) Structural optimization using sensitivity analysis and a level-set method. J Comput Phys 194:363–393

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Allaire G, Geoffroy-Donders P, Pantz O (2018) Topology optimization of modulated and oriented periodic microstructures by the homogenization method. Comput Math Appl 78:2197–2229

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Andreassen E, Clausen A, Schevenels M, Lazarov BS, Sigmund O (2011) Efficient topology optimization in MATLAB using 88 lines of code. Struct Multidiscip Optim 43:1–16

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Andreassen E, Lazarov BS, Sigmund O (2014) Design of manufacturable 3D extremal elastic microstructure. Mech Mater 69:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Bendsøe MP, Kikuchi N (1988) Generating optimal topologies in structural design using a homogenization method. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 71:197–224

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bendsøe MP, Sigmund O (2004) Topology optimization: theory, methods and applications. Springer-Verlag, Berlin

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Buhmann MD (2003) Radial basis functions: theory and implementations vol 12. Cambridge university press

  • Cadman JE, Zhou S, Chen Y, Li Q (2013) On design of multi-functional microstructural materials. J Mater Sci 48:51–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi KK, Kim N-H (2006) Structural sensitivity analysis and optimization 1: linear systems. Springer Science & Business Media

  • Chu S, Gao L, Xiao M, Luo Z, Li H (2018a) Stress-based multi-material topology optimization of compliant mechanisms. Int J Numer Methods Eng 113:1021–1044

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Chu S, Gao L, Xiao M, Luo Z, Li H, Gui X (2018b) A new method based on adaptive volume constraint and stress penalty for stress-constrained topology optimization. Struct Multidiscip Optim 57:1163–1185

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Chu S, Gao L, Xiao M, Li H (2019a) Design of sandwich panels with truss cores using explicit topology optimization. Compos Struct 210:892–905

    Google Scholar 

  • Chu S, Xiao M, Gao L, Li H, Zhang J, Zhang X (2019b) Topology optimization of multi-material structures with graded interfaces. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 346:1096–1117

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Clausen A, Aage N, Sigmund O (2015) Topology optimization of coated structures and material interface problems. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 290:524–541

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Clausen A, Andreassen E, Sigmund O (2017) Topology optimization of 3D shell structures with porous infill. Acta Mech Sinica 33:778–791

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Coelho P, Fernandes P, Guedes J, Rodrigues H (2008) A hierarchical model for concurrent material and topology optimisation of three-dimensional structures. Struct Multidiscip Optim 35:107–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Cramer AD, Challis VJ, Roberts AP (2016) Microstructure interpolation for macroscopic design Structural and Multidisciplinary. Optimization 53:489–500

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Da D, Yvonnet J, Xia L, Le MV, Li G (2018) Topology optimization of periodic lattice structures taking into account strain gradient. Comput Struct 210:28–40

    Google Scholar 

  • de Kruijf N, Zhou S, Li Q, Mai Y-W (2007) Topological design of structures and composite materials with multiobjectives. Int J Solids Struct 44:7092–7109

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Deng J, Yan J, Cheng G (2013) Multi-objective concurrent topology optimization of thermoelastic structures composed of homogeneous porous material. Struct Multidiscip Optim 47:583–597

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Du Z, Kim HA (2018) Multiscale design considering microstructure connectivity. In: 2018 AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, p1385

  • Faure A, Michailidis G, Parry G, Vermaak N, Estevez R (2017) Design of thermoelastic multi-material structures with graded interfaces using topology optimization. Struct Multidiscip Optim 56:823–837

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Francfort GA, Murat F (1986) Homogenization and optimal bounds in linear elasticity. Arch Ration Mech Anal 94(4):307–334

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Fu J, Li H, Gao L, Xiao M (2019) Design of shell-infill structures by a multiscale level set topology optimization method. Comput Struct 212:162–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujii D, Chen B, Kikuchi N (2001) Composite material design of two-dimensional structures using the homogenization design method. Int J Numer Methods Eng 50:2031–2051

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Gao J, Li H, Gao L, Xiao M (2018) Topological shape optimization of 3D micro-structured materials using energy-based homogenization method. Adv Eng Softw 116:89–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao J, Luo Z, Xia L, Gao L (2019) Concurrent topology optimization of multiscale composite structures in Matlab. Struct Multidiscip Optim. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-019-02323-6

  • Groen JP, Wu J, Sigmund O (2019) Homogenization-based stiffness optimization and projection of 2D coated structures with orthotropic infill. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 349:722–742

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Guedes J, Kikuchi N (1990) Preprocessing and postprocessing for materials based on the homogenization method with adaptive finite element methods. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 83:143–198

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Guest JK, Prévost JH (2006) Optimizing multifunctional materials: design of microstructures for maximized stiffness and fluid permeability. Int J Solids Struct 43:7028–7047

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Guest JK, Prévost JH, Belytschko T (2004) Achieving minimum length scale in topology optimization using nodal design variables and projection functions. Int J Numer Methods Eng 61:238–254

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Guo X, Zhao X, Zhang W, Yan J, Sun G (2015) Multi-scale robust design and optimization considering load uncertainties. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 283:994–1009

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Liu L, Yan J, Cheng G (2008) Optimum structure with homogeneous optimum truss-like material. Comput Struct 86:1417–1425

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo Z, Tong L, Wang MY, Wang S (2007) Shape and topology optimization of compliant mechanisms using a parameterization level set method. J Comput Phys 227:680–705

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Luo Z, Wang MY, Wang S, Wei P (2008) A level set-based parameterization method for structural shape and topology optimization. Int J Numer Methods Eng 76:1–26

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Lurie KA, Cherkaev AV, Fedorov AV (1982) Regularization of optimal design problems for bars and plates, part 1. J Optim Theory Appl 37:499–522

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Meza LR, Das S, Greer JR (2014) Strong, lightweight, and recoverable three-dimensional ceramic nanolattices. Science 345:1322–1326

    Google Scholar 

  • Murat F, Tartar L (1985) Calcul des variations et homogénéisation, in: Homogenization Methods: Theory and Applications in Physics, (Bréau-Sans-Nappe, 1983). In: Collect. Dir. Études Rech. Élec. France, 57, Eyrolles, Paris p 319–369

  • Olson RA III, Martins LC (2005) Cellular ceramics in metal filtration. Adv Eng Mater 7:187–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Radman A, Huang X, Xie Y (2013) Topology optimization of functionally graded cellular materials. J Mater Sci 48:1503–1510

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues H, Guedes JM, Bendsøe M (2002) Hierarchical optimization of material and structure. Struct Multidiscip Optim 24:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Rozvany G, Zhou M (1991) The COC algorithm, part I: cross-section optimization or sizing. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 89:281–308

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaedler TA et al (2011) Ultralight metallic microlattices. Science 334:962–965

    Google Scholar 

  • Sigmund O (1994) Materials with prescribed constitutive parameters: an inverse homogenization problem. Int J Solids Struct 31:2313–2329

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Sigmund O (2000) A new class of extremal composites. J Mech Phys Solids 48:397–428

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Sigmund O, Torquato S (1996) Composites with extremal thermal expansion coefficients. Appl Phys Lett 69:3203–3205

    Google Scholar 

  • Sivapuram R, Dunning PD, Kim HA (2016) Simultaneous material and structural optimization by multiscale topology optimization. Struct Multidiscip Optim 54:1267–1281

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Sokołowski J, Zolesio J (1992) Introduction to shape optimization: shape sensitivity analysis. Springer-Verlag, Berlin

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Tushinsky L, Kovensky I, Plokhov A, Sindeyev V, Reshedko P (2013) Coated metal: structure and properties of metal-coating compositions. Springer-Verlag, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Vicente W, Zuo Z, Pavanello R, Calixto T, Picelli R, Xie Y (2016) Concurrent topology optimization for minimizing frequency responses of two-level hierarchical structures. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 301:116–136

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Kang Z (2018) A level set method for shape and topology optimization of coated structures. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 329:553–574

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wang MY, Wang X (2004) PDE-driven level sets, shape sensitivity and curvature flow for structural topology optimization. Comput Model Eng Sci 6:373–396

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wang MY, Wang X, Guo D (2003) A level set method for structural topology optimization. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 192:227–246

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Luo Z, Zhang N, Kang Z (2014) Topological shape optimization of microstructural metamaterials using a level set method. Comput Mater Sci 87:178–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Luo Z, Kang Z, Zhang N (2015) A multi-material level set-based topology and shape optimization method. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 283:1570–1586

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Chen F, Wang MY (2017) Concurrent design with connectable graded microstructures. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 317:84–101

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, Cai Y, Liu D (2018) Multiscale reliability-based topology optimization methodology for truss-like microstructures with unknown-but-bounded uncertainties. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 339:358–388

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, Liang J, Liu D, Chen W (2019) A novel reliability-based topology optimization framework for the concurrent design of solid and truss-like material structures with unknown-but-bounded uncertainties. Int J Numer Methods Eng. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.6048

  • Wu J, Clausen A, Sigmund O (2017) Minimum compliance topology optimization of shell-infill composites for additive manufacturing. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 326:358–375

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Xia L, Breitkopf P (2014) Concurrent topology optimization design of material and structure within FE2 nonlinear multiscale analysis framework. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 278:524–542

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Xia L, Breitkopf P (2015) Design of materials using topology optimization and energy-based homogenization approach in Matlab. Struct Multidiscip Optim 52:1229–1241

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Xu S, Shen J, Zhou S, Huang X, Xie YM (2016) Design of lattice structures with controlled anisotropy. Mater Des 93:443–447

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan J, Guo X, Cheng G (2016) Multi-scale concurrent material and structural design under mechanical and thermal loads. Comput Mech 57:437–446

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang W, Yuan J, Zhang J, Guo X (2016) A new topology optimization approach based on moving morphable components (MMC) and the ersatz material model. Struct Multidiscip Optim 53:1243–1260

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Li H, Xiao M, Gao L, Chu S, Zhang J (2019a) Concurrent topology optimization for cellular structures with nonuniform microstructures based on the kriging metamodel. Struct Multidiscip Optim 59:1273–1299

  • Zhang Y, Xiao M, Zhang X, Gao L (2019b) Topological design of sandwich structures with graded cellular cores by multiscale optimization. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2019.112749

  • Zhang Y, Xiao M, Gao L, Gao J, Li H (2020) Multiscale topology optimization for minimizing frequency responses of cellular composites with connectable graded microstructures. Mech Syst Signal Process 135:106369

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou S, Li Q (2008) Design of graded two-phase microstructures for tailored elasticity gradients. J Mater Sci 43:5157

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuo W, Saitou K (2017) Multi-material topology optimization using ordered SIMP interpolation. Struct Multidiscip Optim 55:477–491

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 51675196 and 51721092], Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province [grant number 2019CFA059] and the Program for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team [grant number 2017QYTD04].

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mi Xiao.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest statement

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Replication of results

The proposed method is based on several known techniques in the literature, e.g., PLSM and the ordered SIMP method, in order to achieve new type of structures. The implementation codes of these known techniques have been provided in the related references cited in this paper. The implementation of the proposed method has been introduced in detailed in this paper, making it easy to reproduce results. Besides, all the necessary data including the settings of parameters to reproduce the results reported here have been provided in Sect. 4.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Ole Sigmund

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chu, S., Gao, L., Xiao, M. et al. Multiscale topology optimization for coated structures with multifarious-microstructural infill. Struct Multidisc Optim 61, 1473–1494 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-019-02428-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-019-02428-y

Keywords

Navigation