Abstract
In this text, our question is what is the current regulatory trend in countries that are not considered central in the development of artificial intelligence, such as Brazil: a preventive approach, or an experimental approach? We will analyze the bills (PL) that are being processed in legislative houses at the state level, and at the federal level, highlighting some elements, such as: Delimitation of the object (conceptualization), fundamental principles, ethical guidelines, relationship with human work, human supervision, and guidelines for public authorities. Based on these elements, we identified how the issues that drive the contemporary debate on AI have been addressed in these legislative initiatives. The results indicate that the strongest national regulation proposal mentions risks, rights, governance, economic agents; these mentions dialogue with the concerns discussed by researchers around the world, regarding the mitigation and prevention of risks, regarding the preservation of individual and collective rights, the role of the State as a regulator and supervisor, and, as was to be expected, the maintenance of economic policies that possibly tend to protect the market; proposes that the foundations of the development, implementation and use of AI have values consistent with ‘human centered AI’ (Bingley et al. 2023), but also points to the neoliberal matrix; introduces human supervision as an effective element in the AI systems cycle; the trend that we can observe in Brazil is the configuration of a regulation that harmonizes articles that favor the preventive approach, with the presence of articles that favor the experimentation approach.
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Notes
According to https://ec.europa.eu/futurium/en/ai-alliance-consultation/guidelines/1.html, access in Dec 2022.
According to https://www.industry.gov.au/data-and-publications/australias-artificial-intelligence-ethics-framework, access in Dec 2022.
Probability of risks occurring compared to potential social and economic benefits and risks presented by similar system.
Emergent behavior—non-standard decisions for which the system was programmed (Parentoni et al. 2020).
In October 2022, the International Labor Organization made public its proposal to systematically and consistently monitor the relationship between artificial intelligence and the world of work, involving regulation, income, work environment, among other issues. The objective is to outline an overview of regulation in advanced, emerging and developing economies in relation to the technologies that are being used in the world of work, reflecting on the differences in governance results for decent work, as well as on the implications for the world of work. Available at https://www.ilo.org/, access in Oct 2022.
A commission of specialists that began, in April 2022, work to discuss regulation concepts and models. Available at https://www.stj.jus.br/sites/portalp/Paginas/Comunicacao/Noticias/28042022-Comissao-de-juristas-inicia-audiencias-publicas-para-discutir-regulacao-da-inteligencia-artificial-.aspx, access in Jun 2022.
By the AI systems cycle, we refer to the development-implementation-use process.
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Acknowledgements
My thanks to the National Research Council (CNPq), an entity of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, of the Brazilian Government, for the Doctoral Scholarship (GM GD 2020-SUPPORT FOR SCIENTIFIC, TECHNOLOGICAL AND INNOVATION RESEARCH PROJECTS—DOCTORATE SCHOLARSHIPS), in whose research this article originated.
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CNPq scholarship, Oriana Chaves
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Chaves, O. Innovation, risk and control: The true trend is ‘from tool to purpose’—A discussion on the standardization of AI. AI & Soc (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-01935-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-01935-x