Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Magnetic Poly(Amidoamine) Dendrimer for the Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction of Nitrophenols from Environmental Water Samples

  • Published:
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A fast and simple dispersive solid phase extraction method is described for nitrophenols determination in water samples by using gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorous detector. Firstly, the Poly(amidoamine) grafted Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized in different generations by successive addition of butyl acrylate and ethylenediamine. After characterization, the prepared dendrimer was utilized as an adsorbent for magnetic solid phase extraction of 2-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, and 4-nitrophenol to benefit large number of surface amine interaction sites. The effects of the different parameters influencing the sample preparation efficiency were investigated. The proposed method showed linearity in the ranges of 0.04–700 and 0.05–700 µg/dm3 for nitrophenols. The obtained limits of detection and quantification under optimized conditions were 0.01–0.02 and 0.04–0.05 µg/dm3, respectively. The relative standard deviations (n = 5) were less than 3.8% (at 10 µg/dm3). Moreover, the calculated enrichment factors were above 200. In addition, the relative recoveries for a spiked river water sample were satisfactory.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bagheri H, Manouchehri M, Allahdadlalouni M (2017) A magnetic multifunctional dendrimeric coating on a steel fiber for solid phase microextraction of chlorophenols. MCA 184:2201–2209

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bourque SC, Maltais F, Xiao W, Tardif O, Alper H, Arya P, Manzer LE (1999) Hydroformylation reactions with rhodium-complexed dendrimers on silica. JACS 121:3035–3038

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caro E, Marce RM, Cormack PAG, Sherrington DC, Borrull F (2003) On-line solid-phase extraction with molecularly imprinted polymers to selectively extract substituted 4- chlorophenols and 4-nitrophenol from water. J Chromatogr A 995:233–238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Sheikh AH, Alzawahreh AM, Sweileh JA (2011) Preparation of an efficient sorbent by washing then pyrolysis of olive wood for simultaneous solid phase extraction of chloro-phenols and nitro-phenols from water. Talanta 85:1034–1042

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1999) Integrated risk information system (IRIS) on p- nitrophenol. National center for environmental assessment, office of research and development, Washington, DC

  • Ghoochian M, Panahi HA, Sobhanardakani S, Taghavi L, Hassani AH (2019) Synthesis and application of Fe3O4/SiO2/thermosensitive/PAMAM-CS nanoparticles as a novel adsorbent for removal of tamoxifen from water samples. Microchem J 145:1231–1240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guan W, Han CR, Wang X, Zou, Pan JM, Huo PW, Li CX (2012) Molecularly imprinted polymer surfaces as solid-phase extraction sorbents for the extraction of 2-nitrophenol and isomers from environmental water. J Sep Sci 35:490–497

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamidi S, Taghvimi A, Mazouchi N (2021) Micro solid phase extraction using novel adsorbents. Crit Rev Anal Chem 51:103–114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He XQ, Cui YY, Zhang Y, Yang CX (2021) Fabrication of magnetic polydopamine@naphthyl microporous organic network nanosphere for efficient extraction of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and p-nitrophenol from wastewater samples. Chromatogr A 1651:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain I, Muhammad N, Subhani Q, Shou D, Jin M, Yu L, Lu G, Wen X, Intisar A, Yan Z (2022) A review on structural aspects and applications of PAMAM dendrimers in analytical chemistry: frontiers from separation sciences to chemical sensor technologies. TrAC 157:116810

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khalilian F, Rezaee M, Kashani Gorgabi M (2015) Magnetic polypyrrole/Fe3O4 particles as an effective sorbent for the extraction of abamectin from fruit juices using magnetic solid-phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Anal Methods 7:2182–2189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liang W, Lu Y, Li N, Li H, Zhu F (2020) Microwave-assisted synthesis of magnetic surface molecular imprinted polymer for adsorption and solid phase extraction of 4-nitrophenol in wastewater. Microchem J 159:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liptak MD, Gross KC, Seybold PG, Feldgus S, Shields GC (2002) Absolute pKa determination for substituted phenol. JACS 124:6421–6427

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maddah B, Shamsi J (2012) Extraction and preconcentration of trace amounts of diazinon and fenitrothion from environmental water by magnetite octadecylsilane nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 1256:40–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maiti PK, Çaǧın T, Wang G, Goddard WA (2004) Structure of PAMAM dendrimers: generations 1 through 11. Macromolecules 37:6236–6254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meng J, Bu J, Deng C, Zhang X (2011) Preparation of polypyrrole-coated magnetic particles for micro solid-phase extraction of phthalates in water by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 1218:1585–1591

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mubarak NM, Sazila N, Nizamuddin S, Abdullah EC, Sahu JN (2017) Adsorptive Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solution by Using Carbon Nanotubes and Magnetic BioChar. NanoWorld J 3: 32–37

  • Pourjavadi A, Hosseini SH, Hosseini ST, Aghayeemeibody SA (2012) Magnetic nanoparticles coated by acidic functionalized poly (amidoamine) dendrimer: effective acidic organocatalyst. Catal Commun 28:86–89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pourjavadi A, Hosseini SH, Alizadeh M, Bennett C (2014) Magnetic pH-responsive nanocarrier with long spacer length and high colloidal stability for controlled delivery of doxorubicin. Colloids Surf B 116:49–54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun Y, Zhou J, Cai W, Zhao R, Yuan J (2015) Hierarchically porous NiAl-LDH nanoparticles as highly efficient adsorbent for p-nitrophenol from water. Appl Surf Sci 349:897–903

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tahmasebi E, Yamini Y, Seidi S, Rezazadeh M (2013) Extraction of three nitrophenols using polypyrrole-coated magnetic nanoparticles based on anion exchange process. J Chromatogr A 1314:15–23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tong Y, Zhou Q, Sun Y, Sheng X, Zhou B, Zhao J, Guo J (2021) Magnetic polyamidoamine dendrimer grafted with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid as an adsorbent for preconcentration and sensitive determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental water samples. Talanta 224:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vögtle F, Richardt G, Werner N (2009) Dendrimer chemistry: concepts, syntheses, properties, applications, 1st edn. Wiley

  • Wu Y, Zhou Q, Yuan Y, Wang H, Tong Y, Zhan Y, Sheng X, Sun Y, Zhou X (2020) Enrichment and sensitive determination of phthalate esters in environmental water samples: a novel approach of MSPE-HPLC based on PAMAM dendrimers-functionalized magnetic- nanoparticles. Talanta 206:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong Z, Zhang H, Zhang W, Lai B, Yao G (2019) Removal of nitrophenols and their derivatives by chemical redox. Eng J 359:13–31

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Q, Chen X, Jiang X (2013) Liquid–liquid microextraction of nitrophenols using supramolecular solvent and their determination by HPLC with UV detection. Chromatographia 76:1641–1647

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zarei A, Saedi S, seidi F (2018) Synthesis and application of Fe3O4@SiO2@Carboxyl- terminated PAMAM dendrimer nanocomposite for heavy metal removal. J Inorg Organomet Polym 28:2835–2843

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Q, Wu Y, Sun Y, Sheng X, Tong Y, Guo J, Zhou B, Zhao J (2021) Magnetic polyamidoamine dendrimers for magnetic separation and sensitive determination of organochlorine pesticides from water samples by high performance liquid chromatography. J Environ Sci 102:64–73

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu S, Niua W, Li H, Han S, Xu G (2009) Single-walled carbon nanohorn as new solid-phase extraction adsorbent for determination of 4-nitrophenol in water sample. Talanta 79:1441–1445

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge the Research Council of Kharazmi University for supporting this project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

    Hadi Ghanbarnejad & Vanik Ghoulipour

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Science, Yadegar -e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Faezeh Khalilian

Authors
  1. Hadi Ghanbarnejad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vanik Ghoulipour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Faezeh Khalilian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vanik Ghoulipour.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ghanbarnejad, H., Ghoulipour, V. & Khalilian, F. Magnetic Poly(Amidoamine) Dendrimer for the Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction of Nitrophenols from Environmental Water Samples. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 112, 64 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-024-03890-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-024-03890-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation