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Characterization of Heavy Metal Fractions in the Soil Developed on Volcanic Rocks of Karadağ Mountain, Turkey by Sequential Extraction

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Abstract

In this work, soil samples were taken from 15 different sites and the contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the mobile and residual fractions of the soils formed from the volcanic materials were determined by the sequential extraction procedure. The mobility of each metal was revealed by analysing fractions. The order of heavy metals in each fraction of Karadağ samples was:

Cd: Acid and Water Soluble > Reducible > Oxidizable > Residual; Cr: Residual > Oxidizable > Reducible > Acid and Water Soluble; Cu: Residual > Oxidizable > Reducible > Acid and Water Soluble; Ni: Residual > Reducible > Oxidizable > Acid and Water Soluble; Pb: Reducible > Residual > Oxidizable > Acid and Water Soluble; Zn: Residual > Reducible > Oxidizable > Acid and Water Soluble.

According to the results, while the concentrations of Cd and Pb in the mobile fraction were higher than those in the residual fraction, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn were higher in the immobile fraction. When the higher mobility levels of Cd and Pb are evaluated in terms of environmental pollution and toxicity in soil, these metals have been found to have a higher potential risk than other metals.

Cd and Pb are likely to be in close contact with plant roots and thus could potentially affect soil fertility. To avoid threats to productivity and food security in the long term, further trace metal inputs to soils in these areas should be avoided by agricultural management or other means.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This study was taken from a research project supported by TUBITAK (Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, project no. TOVAG 120O842). The authors thank the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for their financial support.

Funding

This work was supported [TUBITAK (Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Grant numbers TOVAG 120O842).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Crop and Animal Production, Karamanoğlu MehmetBey University, Karaman, Turkey

    Hasan Hüseyin Özaytekin

  2. Agriculture Faculty, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Selcuk University, Konya, 42079, Turkey

    Mert Dedeoğlu

Authors
  1. Hasan Hüseyin Özaytekin
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  2. Mert Dedeoğlu
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Contributions

The first author Hasan Hüseyin Özaytekin (HHÖ) carried out the planning of the project, field studies, laboratory studies, analyses, writing the main text of the article, drawing and writing the figures and tables.

The second author Mert Dedeoğlu (MD) participated in field studies, assisted with laboratory analysis, contributed to the drawing of figures, reviewed the entire article.

All authors read andapprovedthe final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hasan Hüseyin Özaytekin.

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Özaytekin, H.H., Dedeoğlu, M. Characterization of Heavy Metal Fractions in the Soil Developed on Volcanic Rocks of Karadağ Mountain, Turkey by Sequential Extraction. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 111, 61 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-023-03818-1

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