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Cohort profile: the Ohio Army National Guard Mental Health Initiative (OHARNG-MHI)

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Abstract

Purpose

Rates of mental disorders in the United States military have increased in recent years. National Guard members may be particularly at risk for mental disorders, given their dual role as citizen-soldiers and their increased involvement in combat deployments during recent conflicts. The Ohio Army National Guard Mental Health Initiative (OHARNG-MHI) was launched to assess the prevalence, incidence, and potential causes and consequences of mental disorders in this unique population.

Methods

OHARNG-MHI is a decade-long dynamic cohort study that followed over 3,000 National Guard members yearly through structured telephone interviews.

Results

Findings thus far have applied a pre-, peri-, post-deployment framework, identifying factors throughout the life course associated with mental disorders, including childhood events and more recent events, both during and outside of deployment. An estimated 61% of participants had at least one mental disorder in their lifetime, the majority of which initiated prior to military service. Psychiatric comorbidity was common, as were alcohol use and stressful events. Latent class growth analyses revealed four distinct trajectory paths of both posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms across four years. Only 37% of soldiers with probable past-year mental disorders accessed mental health services in the subsequent year, with substance use disorders least likely to be treated.

Conclusion

Strengths of this study include a large number of follow-up interviews, detailed data on both military and non-military experiences, and a clinical assessment subsample that assessed the validity of the telephone screening instruments. Findings, methods, and procedures of the study are discussed, and collaborations are welcome.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Department of Defense [W81XWH-15-1-0080]. LS was supported by the National Institutes of Health [T32 HL098048].

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Laura Sampson

  2. Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Gregory H. Cohen

  3. New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA

    David S. Fink

  4. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Carla Conroy & Joseph R. Calabrese

  5. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA

    John M. Wryobeck

  6. Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA

    Jon D. Elhai

  7. Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Anthony P. King

  8. Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Texas A&M, College Station, TX, USA

    Israel Liberzon

  9. Office of the Dean, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Sandro Galea

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  1. Laura Sampson
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  2. Gregory H. Cohen
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Correspondence to Laura Sampson.

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No authors have any conflict of interest to disclose.

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The Ohio National Guard and the institutional review boards of University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, University of Toledo, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Veterans Administration Medical Center, Columbia University, Boston University, and the Office of Human Research Protections of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command approved the study protocol.

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Sampson, L., Cohen, G.H., Fink, D.S. et al. Cohort profile: the Ohio Army National Guard Mental Health Initiative (OHARNG-MHI). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 56, 2107–2116 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02166-x

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