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Olivine compositions reveal an andesitic parent magma for the Archean palladium-mineralized Lac des Iles Complex of Ontario, Canada

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Abstract

Feldspathic lherzolite and harzburgite are reported here for the first time in the southern Lac des Iles Complex; an ~ 2.69-Ga arcuate mafic intrusion that hosts world-class Pd mineralization within varitextured and brecciated gabbronoritic rocks. The olivine-bearing rocks (Mg#75.9–80.8) are medium- to coarse-grained, weakly to strongly serpentinized, and bordered by variably altered norite. They possess relatively high Al2O3 contents (4.8–10.3 wt.%), pronounced negative Nb/Nb* (0.07–0.25) values, flat to shallow negatively sloping REE profiles (La/YbN 1.3–4.4), and variable Eu/Eu* (0.4–1.6) values. Weakly altered samples comprise subhedral olivine (Fo78.6–81.8) with polymineralic melt inclusions and peritectic orthopyroxene rims, cumulus orthopyroxene, sub-poikilitic clinopyroxene, as well as plastically deformed and clustered plagioclase crystals. With increasing degrees of alteration, olivine is variably serpentinized or pseudomorphically replaced by an assemblage of talc, carbonate, magnetite, and Fe-sulfides. Sparsely disseminated pentlandite-chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite (± sphalerite) blebs with platinum-group minerals (zvyagintsevite, kotulskite, and sperrylite) are rare and commonly partially replaced by magnetite. Nickel concentrations are primarily controlled by olivine (1900–4200 ppm Ni), as supported by a positive correlation between whole-rock MgO and Ni contents. Sulfur, Cu, Pd, and Pt show positive correlations and Pd/Pt values range from 2.6 to 6.7. The whole-rock and mineral compositions can be replicated through the modeling of batch crystallization of a hydrous andesitic magma that has interacted with antecedent feldspathic cumulates. The parent magma was likely at or close to sulfide saturation upon emplacement and may have co-existed with a volatile-rich phase. The Lac des Iles Complex may serve as a type example of Archean continental arc-related magmatic sulfide deposits, fed by fertile andesitic parent magmas formed through the differentiation of primitive sub-arc mantle melts in the juvenile crust.

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Notes

  1. The Camp Lake intrusion refers to the dioritic body that occurs south of the Camp Lake Fault. This is now known as the Diorite Domain. The Camp Lake intrusion (i.e., Diorite Domain) is distinct from the Camp Lake Zone. The Camp Lake Zone refers to the mineralized portion of the Camp Lake block that occurs at depth in Gabbronorite, Norite, and Breccia domains. The Camp Lake Block is separated from the overlying Offset Block by the Camp Lake Fault.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the exploration team at Impala Canada for facilitating sampling and for allowing the publication of data. Dr. Jim Miller is acknowledged for completing an initial petrographic assessment of the rocks. Professor CM Lesher and Dr. MC Jenkins are thanked for their kind and constructive reviews that helped improve an earlier version of this contribution. Professors Wolfgang Maier and Karen Kelley are thanked for their editorial handling of this contribution.

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This work was facilitated by grant ID GC-130029S.

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  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Herzberg Laboratories, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada

    W. D. Smith, J. E. Mungall & M. Shahabi Far

  2. Impala Canada, 10Th Avenue, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 2R2, Canada

    L. Fay & L. Djon

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This study was funded through the Natural Resources Canada: Targeted Geosciences Initiative under Grant Agreement No GC-130029S. Additional data were provided by Impala Canada, the employer of authors LF and LD.

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Smith, W.D., Fay, L., Mungall, J.E. et al. Olivine compositions reveal an andesitic parent magma for the Archean palladium-mineralized Lac des Iles Complex of Ontario, Canada. Miner Deposita (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-024-01257-4

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