Abstract
Key message
The HaOr5 resistance gene is located in a large genomic insertion containing putative resistance genes and provides resistance to O. cumana, preventing successful connection to the sunflower root vascular system.
Abstract
Orobanche cumana (sunflower broomrape) is a parasitic plant that is part of the Orobanchaceae family and specifically infests sunflower crops. This weed is an obligate parasitic plant that does not carry out photosynthetic activity or develop roots and is fully dependent on its host for its development. It produces thousands of dust-like seeds per plant. It possesses a high spreading ability and has been shown to quickly overcome resistance genes successively introduced by selection in cultivated sunflower varieties. The first part of its life cycle occurs underground. The connection to the sunflower vascular system is essential for parasitic plant survival and development. The HaOr5 gene provides resistance to sunflower broomrape race E by preventing the connection of O. cumana to the root vascular system. We mapped a single position of the HaOr5 gene by quantitative trait locus mapping using two segregating populations. The same location of the HaOr5 gene was identified by genome-wide association. Using a large population of thousands of F2 plants, we restricted the location of the HaOr5 gene to a genomic region of 193 kb. By sequencing the whole genome of the resistant line harboring the major resistance gene HaOr5, we identified a large insertion of a complex genomic region containing a cluster of putative resistance genes.
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Data availability
The GenBank accession numbers of the HaOr5 genomic regions are OR715020 and OR715021. Thewhole-genome sequence data of the LC1093 sunflower line reported in this paper have been deposited in the Genome Warehouse of the National Genomics Data Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, under accession number GWHAAEK00000000, which is publicly accessible at https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gwh.
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Acknowledgements
We thank all the students and people who worked in the nurseries for selfing and harvesting the capitula of the sunflower plants. We thank Ming Denaes for harvesting the seeds. The Genotoul bioinformatics platform Toulouse Midi provided computing resources. This work was supported by the French Laboratory of Excellence project TULIP (ANR-10-LABX-41; ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02). This study was performed within the framework of the École Universitaire de Recherche TULIP-GS (ANR-18-EURE-0019).
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This work was funded by MAS SEEDS, INRAE, ANRT and the Region Occitanie (Genosol project).
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Camille Pubert coordinated the selection of the recombinant plants and participated in the fine mapping, genomic analysis, marker design, molecular experiments and phenotyping. Marie-Claude Boniface coordinated the nursery, phenotyping and harvesting of the plants and the seeds. Alexandra Legendre performed the gDNA extractions and the genotyping experiments. Mireille Chabaud performed the cytological experiments. Sébastien Carrère annotated the genome sequences. Caroline Callot prepared the sequencing libraries. Isabelle Dufau performed the optical map experiments. Charlotte Cravero assembled the genome sequences. Sonia Vautrin coordinated the Genosol project for genome sequence assembly. Mihaela Patrascoiu supervised the production of the F2 population. Aurélie Baussart participated in the phenotyping of the parental lines and phenotyped the plants for QTL mapping and GWA analyzes. Véronique Gautier and Elodie Belmonte performed the sequencing. Charles Poncet coordinated the sequencing. Jun Zhao collected the samples of the Chinese O. cumana population. Luyang Hu characterized the Chinese O. cumana population. Weijun Zhou supervised the characterization of the Chinese O. cumana population. Claire Coussy performed the QTL mapping and GWA analyzes. Nicolas Langlade, Claire Coussy and Stéphane Muños supervised the study. Claire Coussy and Stéphane Muños designed the study. Stéphane Muños coordinated the study. Camille Pubert and Stéphane Muños contributed to the data analysis and wrote the manuscript. All the authors contributed to and revised the manuscript.
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122_2024_4594_MOESM1_ESM.pptx
Figure S1 Evaluation of the resistance for various broomrape populations. The parental lines LSMS1 and LC1093 were phenotyped using six broomrape populations (E-DDP, E-BOU, E/F-EEC, F-IN23, G-KZP and G-RO) in 3L pots in greenhouse. The figure represents the results for E-DDP, E/F-EEC and G-RO populations (see Fig. 1 for the three others). We added the susceptible line XRQ and two resistant lines LRMS1 and DEB2 carrying the resistance gene HaOr7 and OrDeb2 respectively as controls. Broomrape emergences were counted 12 weeks after inoculation. Significant pair-wise t-tests between lines are grouped for clarity and illustrated as ***p < 0.01 and **p < 0.05 (PPTX 109 kb)
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Pubert, C., Boniface, MC., Legendre, A. et al. A cluster of putative resistance genes is associated with a dominant resistance to sunflower broomrape. Theor Appl Genet 137, 103 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-024-04594-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-024-04594-0