Abstract
Key message
Wheat NAC-A18 regulates both starch and storage protein synthesis in the grain, and a haplotype with positive effects on grain weight showed increased frequency during wheat breeding in China.
Abstract
Starch and seed storage protein (SSP) directly affect the processing quality of wheat grain. The synthesis of starch and SSP are also regulated at the transcriptional level. However, only a few starch and SSP regulators have been identified in wheat. In this study, we discovered a NAC transcription factor, designated as NAC-A18, which acts as a regulator of both starch and SSP synthesis. NAC-A18, is predominately expressed in wheat developing grains, encodes a transcription factor localized in the nucleus, with both activation and repression domains. Ectopic expression of wheat NAC-A18 in rice significantly decreased starch accumulation and increased SSP accumulation and grain size and weight. Dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that NAC-A18 could reduce the expression of TaGBSSI-A1 and TaGBSSI-A2, and enhance the expression of TaLMW-D6 and TaLMW-D1. A yeast one hybrid assay demonstrated that NAC-A18 bound directly to the cis-element “ACGCAA” in the promoters of TaLMW-D6 and TaLMW-D1. Further analysis indicated that two haplotypes were formed at NAC-A18, and that NAC-A18_h1 was a favorable haplotype correlated with higher thousand grain weight. Based on limited population data, NAC-A18_h1 underwent positive selection during Chinese wheat breeding. Our study demonstrates that wheat NAC-A18 regulates starch and SSP accumulation and grain size. A molecular marker was developed for the favorable allele for breeding applications.
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This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (31901536), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100302) and the CAAS Program (Y2017PT39).
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XZ conceived and designed the research. XW, YL, JH and HL carried out the experiments. XW, JH and CH analyzed the data. XW and JH wrote the manuscript. XZ, TL, UM and HL revised the paper. All authors contributed to the article and approved the final manuscript.
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Wang, X., Liu, Y., Hao, C. et al. Wheat NAC-A18 regulates grain starch and storage proteins synthesis and affects grain weight. Theor Appl Genet 136, 123 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04365-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04365-3