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The yellow-fruited tomato 1 (yft1) mutant has altered fruit carotenoid accumulation and reduced ethylene production as a result of a genetic lesion in ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2

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Abstract

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The isolated yft1 allele controls the formation of fruit color in n3122 via the regulation of response to ethylene, carotenoid accumulation and chromoplast development.

Abstract

Fruit color is one of the most important quality traits of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and is closely associated with both nutritional and market value. In this study, we characterized a tomato fruit color mutant n3122, named as yellow-fruited tomato 1 (yft1), which produces yellow colored mature fruit. Fruit color segregation of the progeny from an intra-specific cross (M82 × n3122) and an inter-specific cross (n3122 × LA1585) revealed that a single recessive nuclear gene determined the yellow fruit phenotype. Through map-based cloning, the yft1 locus was assigned to an 88.2 kb region at the top of chromosome 9 that was annotated as containing 12 genes. Sequencing revealed that one gene, Solyc09g007870, which encodes ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2), contained two mutations in yft1: a 13 bp deletion and a 573 bp insertion at position −318 bp upstream of the translation initiation site. We detected that EIN2 expression was substantially lower in yft1 than in the red-fruited M82 wild type and that, in addition, carotenoid accumulation was decreased, ethylene synthesis and perception were impaired and chromoplast development was delayed. The results implied that the reduced expression of EIN2 in yft1 leads to suppressed ethylene signaling which results in abnormal carotenoid production.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. Dani Zamir and TGRC (UC, Davis) for providing tomato seeds. We appreciate help from the Instrumental Analysis Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University with TEM work. We thank PlantScribe (www.plantscribe.com) for carefully editing this manuscript. This work was supported by Grants from the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (No. 14JC1403400), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31071810), the China National ‘863’ High-Tech Program (No. 2011AA100607) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Agri-X Fund (2015).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Lei Gao, Weihua Zhao, Haiou Qu & Lingxia Zhao

  2. Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Lei Gao, Weihua Zhao, Haiou Qu & Lingxia Zhao

  3. School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Qishan Wang

  4. Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Lingxia Zhao

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  1. Lei Gao
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Gao, L., Zhao, W., Qu, H. et al. The yellow-fruited tomato 1 (yft1) mutant has altered fruit carotenoid accumulation and reduced ethylene production as a result of a genetic lesion in ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 . Theor Appl Genet 129, 717–728 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-015-2660-4

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