Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Inheritance and QTL mapping of related root traits in soybean at the seedling stage

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Theoretical and Applied Genetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Key message

This study provides a foundation for further research on root genetic regulation and molecular breeding with emphasis on correlations among root traits to ensure robust root growth and well-developed root systems.

Abstract

A set of 447 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Jingdou23 (cultivar, female parent) and ZDD2315 (semi-wild, male parent) were used to analyze inheritance and detect QTLs related to root traits at the seedling stage using major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance analysis and composite interval mapping. The results showed that maximum root length (MRL) was controlled by three equivalent major genes, lateral root number (LRN) was controlled by two overlapping major genes, root weight (RW) and volume (RV) were controlled by four equivalent major genes. Hypocotyl length (HL) was controlled by four additive main genes, and hypocotyl weight (HW) was controlled by four additive and additive × additive epistatic, major genes; however, polygene effects were not detected in these traits. Shoot weight (SW) was controlled by multi-gene effects, but major gene effects were not detected. Twenty-four QTLs for MRL, LRN, RW, RV, SW, HL, HW were mapped on LG A1 (chromosome 5), LG A2 (chromosome 8), LG B1 (chromosome 11), LG B2 (chromosome 14), LG C2 (chromosome 6), LG D1b (chromosome 2), LG F_1 (chromosome 13), LG G (chromosome 18), LG H_1 (chromosome 12), LG H_2 (chromosome 12), LG I (chromosome 20), LG K_2 (chromosome 9), LG L (chromosome 19), LG M (chromosome 7), LG N (chromosome 3), LG O (chromosome 10), separately. Root traits were shown to have complex genetic mechanisms at the seedling stage, SW was controlled by multi-gene effects, and the other six traits were controlled by major gene effects. It is concluded that correlations among root traits must be considered to improve the development of beneficial root traits.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

MRL:

Maximum root length

RW:

Root weight

LRN:

Lateral root number

SW:

Shoot weight

RV:

Root volume

HL:

Hypocotyl length

HW:

Hypocotyl weight

References

  • Beaver JS, Osorno JM (2009) Achievements and limitations of contemporary common bean breeding using conventional and molecular approaches. Euphytica 168(2):145–175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blair MW, Sandoval TA, Caldas GV, Beebe SE, Páez MI (2009) Quantitative trait locus analysis of seed phosphorus and seed phytate content in a recombinant inbred line population of common bean. Crop Sci 49(1):237–246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dhanda SS, Sethi GS, Behl RK (2004) Indices of drought tolerance in wheat genotypes at early stages of plant growth. J Agron Crop Sci 190(1):6–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Funatsuki H, Kawaguchi K, Matsuba S, Sato YM (2005) Ishimoto Mapping of QTL associated with chilling tolerance during reproductive growth in soybean. Theor Appl Genet 111:851–861

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gai JY, Zhang YM, Wang JK (2001) Genetic system of quantitative traits in plants [M]. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese)

  • Guo B, Sleper DA, Arelli PR, Shannon JG, Nguyen HT (2005) Identification of QTLs associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode races 2, 3 and 5 in soybean PI 90763. Theor Appl Genet 111:965–971

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hao ZF, Chang XP, Guo XJ, Jing RL, Li RZ, Jia JA (2003) QTL mapping of germination for drought tolerance at stages and seedling in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using a DH population. Agric Sci China 2(9):943–949

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes AJ, Ma GR, Buss GR, Saghai Maroof MA (2000) Molecular marker mapping of Rsv4, a gene conferring resistance to all known strains of soybean mosaic virus. Crop Sci 40:1434–1437

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hyten DL, Pantalone VR, Sams CE, Saxton AM, Landau-Ellis D, Stefaniak TR, Schmidt ME (2004) Seed quality QTL in a prominent soybean population. Theor Appl Genet 109:552–561

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamoshita A, Zhang J, Siopongco J, Sarkarung S, Nguyen HT, Wade LJ (2002a) Effect of phenotyping environment on identification of quantitative trait loci for rice root morphology under anaerobic conditions. Crop Sci 42(1):255–265

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamoshita A, Wade LJ, Ali ML, Pathan MS, Zhang J, Sarkarung S, Nguyen HT (2002b) Mapping QTLs for root morphology of a rice population adapted to rainfed lowland conditions. Theor Appl Genet 104(5):880–893

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King CA, Purcell LC, Brye KR (2009) Differential wilting among soybean genotypes in response to water deficit. Crop Sci 49(1):290–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liang HZ (2006) Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of seed traits in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]. Northwest A & F University, Xi’an (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang Q, Cheng XH, Mei MT, Yan XL, Liao H (2010) QTL analysis of root traits as related to phosphorus efficiency in soybean. Ann Bot 106(1):223–234

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liao H, Yan XL (2000) Adaptive changes genotypic variation for root architecture of common bean in response to phosphorus deficiency. Acta Bot Sin 42(2):158–163 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu FL, Andersen MN, Jensen CR (2004) Root signal controls pod growth in drought-stressed soybean during the critical, abortion-sensitive phase of pod development. Field Crops Res 85(2–3):159–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Gai JY, Lv HN (2005) Identification of rhizosphere abiotic stress tolerance and related root traits in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Acta Agron Sin 31(9):1132–1137 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Gai JY, Lv HN (2007) Genetic variation of root traits at seedling stage and their relationship with stress tolerance in soybean. Soybean Sci 26(2):127–133 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lü CX, Guo JQ, Wang Y et al (2010) Identification, Inheritance analysis and QTL mapping of root and shoot traits in soybean variety PI471938 with tolerance to wilting. Acta Agron Sin 36(9):1476–1483

    Google Scholar 

  • McCouch SR, Cho YG, Yanno M, Paul E, Blinstrub M, Morishima H, Kinoshita T (1997) Report on QTL nomenclature. Rice Genet Newsl 14:11–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Pantalone VR, Buton JW, Carter TE (1996) Soybean fibrous root heritability and genotypic correlations with agronomic and seed quality traits. Crop Sci 36(5):1120–1125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Price AH (2006) Believe it or not, QTLs are accurate. Trends Plant Sci 11(5):213–216

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Price AH, Steele KA, Moore BJ, Barraclough PP, Clark LJ (2000) A combined RFLP and AFLP linkage map of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) used to identify QTLs for root-penetration ability. Theor Appl Genet 100(1):49–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qin HD, Guo WZ, Zhang YM, Zhang TZ (2008) QTL mapping of yield and fiber traits based on a four-way cross population in Gossypium hirsutum L. Theor Appl Genet 117:883–894

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rector BG, All JN, Parrott WA, Boerma HR (1999) Quantitative trait loci for antixenosis resistance to corn earworm in soybean. Crop Sci 39:531–538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sabouri H (2009) QTL detection of rice grain quality traits by microsatellite markers using an indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) combination. J Genet 88(1):81–85

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Su CC, Cheng XN, Zhai HQ, Wan JM (2002) Detection and analysis of QTL for resistance to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), in rice (Oryza sativa L.), using backcross inbred lines. Acta Genet Sin 29(4):332–338

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sun GY, He Y, Zhang RH, Zhang DP (1996) Studies on growth and activities of soybean root. Soybean Sci 15(14):317–321 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Swarbrick PJ, Scholes JD, Press MC, Slate J (2009) A major QTL for resistance of rice to the parasitic plant Striga hermonthica is not dependent on genetic background. Pest Manag Sci 65(5):528–532

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang QY, Zhang CX (2013) Data processing system (DPS) software with experimental design, statistical analysis and data mining developed for use in entomological research. Insect Sci 20(2):254–260

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tar’an B, Warkentin T, Somers DJ, Miranda D, Vandenberg A, Blade S, Woods S, Bing D, Xue A, DeKoeyer D, Penner G (2003) Quantitative trait loci for lodging resistance, plant height and partial resistance to mycosphaerella blight in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). Theor Appl Genet 108(8):1482–1491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tian PZ (1984) Ecotypes of root system in soybean cultivars. Acta Agron Sin 10(3):173–178 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker DR, Narvel JM, Boerma HR, AII JN, Parrott WA (2004) A QTL that enhances and broadens Bt insect resistance in soybean. Theor Appl Genet 109:1051–1057

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Z (2004) Construction of soybean SSR based map and QTL analysis important agronomic traits [D]. Guangxi University, Nanning (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang SC, Basten CJ, Zeng ZB (2005) Windows QTL Cartographer 2.5 User Manual. Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams B, Stella KK, Khalid M, Robert G, Abdelali B, David AL, My AK (2012) Genetic analysis of root and shoot traits in the ‘Essex’ by ‘Forrest’ recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. J Plant Genome Sci 1(1):1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang XH, Wu ZP, Zhang GD (2001) Evolution of root characters of soybean varieties of different ages. Sci Agric Sin 34(3):292–295 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang SP, Chen JM, He XH, Yu DY, Gai JY (2005) Inheritance of drought tolerance and root traits of seedling in soybean. Soybean Sci 24(4):275–280 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang W (2005) Identification of QTL for seedling root traits using RIL population in maize [D]. China Agricultural University, Beijing (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou XG, Jing RL, Hao ZF, Chang XP, Zhang ZB (2005) Mapping QTL for seedling root traits in common wheat. Sci Agric Sin 38(10):1951–1957 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou R, Wang XZ, Chen HF, Zhang XJ, Shan ZH, Wu XJ, Cai SP, Qiu DZ, Zhou XA, Wu JS (2009) QTL analysis of lodging and related traits in soybean. Acta Agron Sin 35(1):57–65 (in Chinese)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou R, Chen HF, Wang XZ, Wu BD, Chen SL, Zhang XJ, Wu XJ, Yang ZL, Qiu DZ, Jiang ML, Zhou XA (2011) QTL analysis of root traits of soybean at seedling stage. Acta Agron Sin 37(7):1151–1158 (in Chinese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuo SM, Yin YJ, Zhang L, Zhang YF, Chen ZX, Pan XB (2007) Breeding value and further mapping of a QTL qSB-11 conferring the rice sheath blight resistance. Chin J Rice Sci 21(2):136–142 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This project was financially supported by the Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Henan Province (114200510002) and the grants from Key Project of National Plant Transgenic Genes of China (2009ZX08018-001B, 2011ZX08004-005). The authors thank Dr. Xuanjun Fang from the Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources and Xueyi Liu from the Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences for kindly providing the RIL population and Dr. Yuanming Zhang from Nanjing Agricultural University for kindly providing the major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance analysis software and for assistance in data analysis.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People’s Republic of China

    Huizhen Liang, Yongliang Yu, Hongqi Yang, Lanjie Xu, Wei Dong, Hua Du, Weiwen Cui & Haiyang Zhang

Authors
  1. Huizhen Liang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yongliang Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hongqi Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Lanjie Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Wei Dong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hua Du
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Weiwen Cui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Haiyang Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Huizhen Liang or Haiyang Zhang.

Additional information

Communicated by David A. Lightfoot.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liang, H., Yu, Y., Yang, H. et al. Inheritance and QTL mapping of related root traits in soybean at the seedling stage. Theor Appl Genet 127, 2127–2137 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-014-2366-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-014-2366-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation