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Ischämische Herzkrankheit

Mehr als nur chronische KHK

Ischemic heart disease

More than just chronic CAD

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Zusammenfassung

Klinisches/methodisches Problem

Myokardiale Ischämie als Minderperfusion vitalen Herzmuskelgewebes durch perfusionsbedingte Sauerstoffunterversorgung. Damit Primär‐ und Sekundärprophylaxe des Herzinfarkts und seiner Komplikationen.

Radiologische Standardverfahren

Angewandte Standardverfahren sind die Adenosin/Regadenoson-Stress-Magnetresonanztomographie (AR-Stress-MRT) sowie die CT-Koronarangiographie (Koronar-CT).

Methodische Innovationen

Nichtinvasiver, funktioneller Ischämienachweis oder -ausschluss auf myokardialer Perfusionsebene.

Leistungsfähigkeit

Metaanalyse: Zur Diagnose einer obstruktiven koronaren Herzkrankheit (KHK) auf Koronararterienebene beträgt die gepoolte Sensitivität 87,7 % und die Spezifität 88,6 % [5]; die diagnostische Genauigkeit ist damit besser als bei der Single-Photon-Emissions-Computertomographie (SPECT; AUC [area under the curve] 0,89 vs. 0,74 [8]).

Bewertung

Die AR-Stress-MRT gilt als zuverlässiges Verfahren zum Nachweis einer Myokardischämie bei obstruktiver KHK. Die aktuellen klinischen Leitlinien für Myokardrevaskularisationen haben den Einsatz bei intermediärem Risiko einer KHK und stabilen Symptomen bekräftigt. Die kardiale MRT mit Late-Gadolinium-Enhancement (LGE) gilt als Goldstandard für die Beurteilung der Myokardvitalität. Beide Parameter – Vitalität und Ischämienachweis – gelten als prognostische Prädiktoren für schwerwiegende kardiale Ereignisse.

Empfehlung für die Praxis

Die AR-Stress-MRT dient dem funktionellen Ischämienachweis durch Kombination aus induzierbarem Perfusionsdefizit und erhaltener Vitalität im klinischen Kontext der KHK. Bei Kontraindikationen gegenüber dem Verfahren oder speziellen Fragestellungen kann alternativ auch eine Dobutamin-Atropin(DoA)-Stress-MRT durchgeführt werden.

Abstract

Clinical/methodological issue

Myocardial ischemia as a reduction in perfusion with therefore oxygen deficiency of vital cardiomyocytes. Thus primary and secondary prophylaxis of myocardial infarction and it’s complications.

Standard radiological methods

Adenosine–regadenoson stress magnetic resonance imaging (AR-stress MRI), computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA).

Methodological innovations

Non-invasive stress testing using AR-stress MRI to exclude relevant obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).

Performance

Meta-analysis: The diagnosis of obstructive CAD at the coronary artery level has a pooled sensitivity of 87.7% and a specificity of 88.6%. Diagnostic accuracy is better than single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT; AUC 0.89 vs. 0.74).

Achievements

AR-stress MRI can be used to assess myocardial ischemia in the setting of obstructive CAD. Current clinical guidelines for myocardial revascularization have strengthened the use of stress MRI in patients with intermediate risk of CAD and stable symptoms. Cardiac MR imaging using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is considered gold standard for myocardial viability assessment in vivo. Both viability and ischemia are considered prognostic factors for major adverse cardiac events.

Practical recommendations

AR-stress MRI is used to diagnose myocardial ischemia in combination with viability imaging (LGE). Dobutamine–atropine (DoA) stress MRI is an alternative in the setting of contraindications for AR or specific clinical questions.

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Correspondence to Sebastian Reinartz.

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Interessenkonflikt

S. Reinartz und K. Fischbach geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Reinartz, S., Fischbach, K. Ischämische Herzkrankheit. Radiologie 62, 960–970 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-022-01078-4

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