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Wie funktioniert Radiomics?

A primer on radiomics

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Zusammenfassung

Klinisches Problem

Die reproduzierbare und umfassende Extraktion von Informationen aus radiologischen Bildern ist eine Kernaufgabe der Radiologie. Dynamische Entwicklungen im Bereich der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) und des maschinellen Lernens stellen hierzu Methoden bereit. Radiomics ist eine solche Methode und bietet neue Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen für die Zukunft der Radiologie.

Methodische Innovationen

Radiomics beschreibt die quantitative Auswertung, Interpretation und klinische Einordnung von bildmorphologischen Merkmalen in radiologischen Daten. Komponenten einer Radiomics-Analyse sind Datenakquisition, Datenvorverarbeitung, Datenmanagement, Segmentierung von relevanten Bildregionen, die Berechnung und Auswahl von quantitativen Bildmerkmalen sowie die Erstellung eines Radiomics-Modells, das diagnostisch und prognostisch genutzt werden kann. Diese Übersichtsarbeit erläutert diese Komponenten und soll einen zugänglichen Einstieg in das Forschungsfeld Radiomics bieten sowie bestehende Limitationen aufzeigen.

Material und Methoden

Diese Arbeit basiert auf einer selektiven Literaturrecherche mit der Suchmaschine PubMed.

Bewertung

Auch wenn Radiomics-Anwendungen bisher noch nicht im klinischen Alltag angekommen sind, wird die Quantifizierung radiologischer Daten durch Radiomics-Verfahren zukünftig weiter zunehmen. Dies birgt das Potenzial, die Fachrichtung nachhaltig zu verändern. Durch die erfolgreiche Auswertung aller Informationen, die in radiologischen Bildern enthalten sind, kann der nächste Schritt in Richtung einer personalisierten, zukunftsweisenden Medizin gegangen werden.

Abstract

Clinical issue

The reproducible and exhaustive extraction of information from radiological images is a central task in the practice of radiology. Dynamic developments in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are introducing new methods for this task. Radiomics is one such method and offers new opportunities and challenges for the future of radiology.

Methodological innovations

Radiomics describes the quantitative evaluation, interpretation, and clinical assessment of imaging markers in radiological data. Components of a radiomics analysis are data acquisition, data preprocessing, data management, segmentation of regions of interest, computation and selection of imaging markers, as well as the development of a radiomics model used for diagnosis and prognosis. This article explains these components and aims at providing an introduction to the field of radiomics while highlighting existing limitations.

Materials and methods

This article is based on a selective literature search with the PubMed search engine.

Assessment

Even though radiomics applications have yet to arrive in routine clinical practice, the quantification of radiological data in terms of radiomics is underway and will increase in the future. This holds the potential for lasting change in the discipline of radiology. Through the successful extraction and interpretation of all the information encoded in radiological images the next step in the direction of a more personalized, future-oriented form of medicine can be taken.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. AG Computational Radiology, Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    Jacob M. Murray &  Jens Kleesiek

  2. Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    Jacob M. Murray

  3. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Deutschland

    Georgios Kaissis &  Rickmer Braren

  4. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Deutschland

    Jens Kleesiek

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  1. Jacob M. Murray
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  2. Georgios Kaissis
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  4. Jens Kleesiek
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jens Kleesiek.

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Interessenkonflikt

J.M. Murray, G. Kaissis, R. Braren und J. Kleesiek geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Murray, J.M., Kaissis, G., Braren, R. et al. Wie funktioniert Radiomics?. Radiologe 60, 32–41 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-019-00617-w

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