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Bildkontraste bei statischen Aufnahmen in der klinischen Magnetresonanztomographie

Teil 1: Kontrastgebende Gewebeeigenschaften

Contrast in static images in clinical magnetic resonance imaging

Part 1: Contrast properties of tissue

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Zusammenfassung

Im Gegensatz zu röntgenbasierten radiologischen Untersuchungstechniken bietet die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) vielfältige Gewebekontraste. Dies kann man nutzen, um pathologische Befunde besser aufzufinden und zu charakterisieren. Die Basis der Bildkontraste in der MRT liegt in den chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften der in den Geweben vorhandenen Wasserstoffatome, insbesondere in ihren Bindungen an Wasser- und Lipidmoleküle, und in dem Milieu, in dem sich die wasserstoffhaltigen Moleküle aufhalten. Dieses Milieu wird hauptsächlich durch Stoffzusammensetzung, Viskosität und Temperatur, aber auch durch die mikroskopischen geometrischen Gegebenheiten im Gewebe bestimmt. Teil 1 dieses Fortbildungsartikels beschreibt diejenigen Kontrastmechanismen, die bei statischen klinischen Standarduntersuchungen verschiedener Organsysteme am häufigsten verwendet werden.

Abstract

In comparison to roentgen-based radiological examination techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a wide variety of tissue contrast. This can be utilized for better detection and characterization of pathological findings. The basis of image contrast in MRI is the chemical and physical properties of the hydrogen atoms in tissue, in particular in their chemical bonds in water and lipid molecules and in the environment in which the hydrogen-containing molecules are contained. This environment is mainly determined by the composition of substances, viscosity and temperature as well as the microscopic geometrical conditions in tissue. Part 1 of this advanced education article describes those contrast mechanisms which are most commonly utilized in static clinical standard examinations of various organ systems.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Sektion für Experimentelle Radiologie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland

    F. Schick

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Allgemeine Literatur zu den Grundlagen der MRT

Allgemeine Literatur zu den Grundlagen der MRT

  • Ewen K (2003) Moderne Bildgebung, Thieme, Stuttgart

  • Reiser M, Semmler W, Hricak H (2008) Magnetresonanztomographie, 4. Aufl. Springer, Berlin

  • Rummeny EJ, Reimer P, Heindel W (2011) Ganzkörper MR-Tomographie, 2. Aufl. Thieme, Stuttgart

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Schick, F. Bildkontraste bei statischen Aufnahmen in der klinischen Magnetresonanztomographie. Radiologe 53, 441–456 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-013-2486-5

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