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Zellersatz und adulte Neurogenese beim idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndrom

Cellular replacement strategies and adult neurogenesis in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease

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Zusammenfassung

Progrediente neurodegenerative Prozesse führen zu einem Neuronenverlust beim idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndrom (IPS), der häufigsten altersassoziierten Bewegungsstörung. Die für die motorische Symptomatik des IPS verantwortliche Degeneration dopaminerger Neurone der Substantia nigra macht den Ersatz dieser Nervenzellen durch Transplantation sehr attraktiv. Aktuelle Entwicklungen der Stammzelltechnologie ermöglichen eine Optimierung des Transplantats und können zu einer Reaktivierung dieser Therapiestrategie führen. Zusätzlich gehen die neurodegenerativen Prozesse des IPS mit einer gestörten adulten Nervenzellneubildung (Neurogenese) und damit einer Beeinträchtigung der hirneigenen zellulären Plastizität einher. Nichtmotorische Symptome können daher nicht ausschließlich durch neurodegenerative Prozesse, sondern auch im Rahmen einer gestörten adulten Neurogenese erklärbar sein. Die Kombination aus Neurodegeneration und konsekutiv gestörter adulter Neurogenese könnte so beim IPS zu einer erhöhten Vulnerabilität des limbischen und des olfaktorischen Systems führen.

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common age-related movement disorder and characterized by slowly progressive neurodegeneration resulting in motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor and postural instability. Moreover, non-motor symptoms, such as hyposmia, anxiety and depression reduce the quality of life in PD. Motor symptoms are associated with a distinct striatal dopaminergic deficit resulting from axonal dysfunction and neuronal loss in the substantia nigra (SN). Recent progress in stem cell technology allows the optimization of cellular transplantation strategies in order to alleviate the motor deficit, which potentially leads to a reactivation of this therapeutic strategy. Besides neurodegenerative processes impaired adult neurogenesis and consequentially reduced endogenous cellular plasticity may play an important role in PD. This article discusses the notion that non-motor symptoms in PD may partly be explained by reduced adult neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung für Molekulare Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland

    F. Marxreiter &  J. Winkler

  2. Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universität Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147, Rostock, Deutschland

    A. Storch

  3. Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147, Rostock, Deutschland

    A. Storch

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Marxreiter, F., Storch, A. & Winkler, J. Zellersatz und adulte Neurogenese beim idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndrom. Nervenarzt 87, 805–813 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-016-0157-2

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