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Quantitative determination of the contact pressure distribution in the hip joint during gait

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Summary

The objective of this investigation was the experimental determination of the contact pressures in the hip joint for characteristic phases of the gait cycle. The joint forces determined in vivo with telemetric endoprosthesis by Bergmann et al. (1993) were converted into a pelvic reference system, based on kinematic gait analysis. In eight cadaveric hip joints (age 18–75 yrs.) the reaction forces were applied corresponding to four phases of the gait cycle (heel strike, mid-stance, heel off, toe off) and the pressure distribution determined with FUJI pressure sensitive film. We found maxima of 10 MPa during mid stance. The areas of highest pressure were located in the ventro-superior aspect of the acetabulum (anterior part of the acetabular roof) and in the dorso-inferior aspect of the lunate surface. The pressure distribution was relatively constant during the four phases and the maxima did not vary proportional to the applied load. The normal pressure distribution in the hip appears to be determined by the physiological incongruity of the articular surfaces and the inhomogeneous bony support of the acetabulum. During operative interventions this normal load transfer should be restored as accurately as possible.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel der Untersuchung war die experimentelle Bestimmung der Druckverteilung im Hüftgelenk für charakteristische Phasen des Ganges. Die von Bergmann et al. (1993) mittels telemetrischer Endoprothesen in vivo bestimmten Gelenkkräfte wurden auf Basis kinematischer Ganganalysen in ein beckenbezogenes Koordinatensystem transformiert. An 8 Hüftgelenkpräparaten (Alter 18–75 Jahre) wurden dann während 4 Gangphasen (Fersenkontakt, 1. Kraftmaximum, Ferse vom Boden, Abrollen der Zehen) die Gelenkkräfte eingeleitet und die Druckverteilung mittels FUJI-Druckmeßfolie bestimmt. Wir fanden Maxima von 10 MPa während der mittleren Standbeinphase, die Zonen höchster Druckbelastung waren im ventrosuperioren Anteil des Azetabulums (vorderes Pfannendach) und dorsoinferior (Hinterhorn der Facies lunata) lokalisiert. Die Druckverteilung war während der 4 Phasen relativ konstant, die Größe der Maxima variierte nicht proportional zu den eingeleiteten Kräften. Die normale Druckverteilung im Hüftgelenk wird offensichtlich von der physiologischen Inkongruenz der Gelenkflächen sowie der inhomogenen knöchernen Unterstützung des Azetabulums bestimmt. Bei operativen Maßnahmen im Bereich des Hüftgelenks sollte diese physiologische Druckübertragung möglichst exakt wiederhergestellt werden.

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v. Eisenhart-Rothe, R., Witte, H., Steinlechner, M. et al. Quantitative determination of the contact pressure distribution in the hip joint during gait. Unfallchirurg 102, 625–631 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/s001130050458

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s001130050458

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