Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Frakturheilung ist ein komplexer Regenerationsprozess. Eine nichtkonsolidierte Fraktur, die ohne weiteren chirurgischen Eingriff nicht heilen wird, wird als Pseudarthrose bezeichnet. Die Ursachen sind multifaktoriell. Die bildgebende Diagnostik ist eine zentrale Säule und ermöglicht einen Einblick in die morphologischen und biologischen Merkmale der Fraktur als Basis für die optimale chirurgische Behandlungsentscheidung.
Ziel der Arbeit
Für die optimale Therapie sind die Kenntnis der Frakturheilung, die zielgerichtete radiologische und nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik sowie die interdisziplinäre standardisierte Klassifizierung von herausragender Bedeutung.
Methoden
In diesem Beitrag werden die bewährten und modernen diagnostischen Verfahren vorgestellt, ein Überblick über die aktuell genutzten Scoring- und Klassifikationsmodelle gegeben und das optimale therapeutische Vorgehen auf Basis des erweiterten „Diamant-Konzepts“ thematisiert. Ein mögliches diagnostisches und therapeutisches Vorgehen wird anhand eines Algorithmus aufgezeigt.
Schlussfolgerung
Für eine erfolgreiche Pseudarthrosentherapie ist eine zielgerichtete radiologische und nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik mit altbewährten, aber auch neuesten Methoden, wie dem „dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging“ (DCE-MRT) und der Hybridbildgebung, notwendig. Eine exakte Einteilung der Pseudarthrosen anhand von zusätzlichen Klassifikationsmodellen ermöglicht es, die optimale chirurgische Therapie frühzeitig festzulegen und durchzuführen.
Abstract
Background
Fracture healing is a complex regenerative process. An unconsolidated fracture that will not heal without further surgical intervention is called non-union. The causes are multifactorial. Diagnostic imaging is a central pillar and provides insights into the morphology and biology of the fracture as a basis for optimal surgical treatment decisions.
Aim
Knowledge of fracture healing, targeted radiological and nuclear medical diagnostics, and interdisciplinary standardized classification are of high importance for optimal treatment.
Methods
In this article, the proven and modern diagnostic procedures are presented, an overview of the currently used scoring and classification models is given and the optimal therapeutic approach based on the extended “diamond concept” is addressed. A possible diagnostic and therapeutic approach is shown using an algorithm.
Conclusion
For successful treatment of pseudarthrosis, targeted radiological and nuclear medical diagnostics with old established but also newest methods, such as dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and hybrid imaging, are necessary. An exact classification of non-unions using additional classification models makes it possible to determine and carry out the optimal surgical treatment at an early stage.
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M. Grunert, C. Hackenbroch und F. von Lübken geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
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Benedikt J. Braun, Tübingen
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Grunert, M., Hackenbroch, C. & von Lübken, F. Update 2022 Pseudarthrosen. Unfallchirurgie 125, 589–601 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-022-01201-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-022-01201-z