Skip to main content
Log in

Thorakale Verletzungen beim schwer verletzten Kind

Assoziation mit erhöhter Verletzungsschwere und vermehrten Komplikationen

Thoracic injuries in severely injured children

Association with increased injury severity and a higher number of complications

  • Originalien
  • Published:
Der Unfallchirurg Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Schwer verletzte Minderjährige sind im klinischen Alltag selten. Zur adäquaten Versorgung sind genaue Kenntnisse über anatomisch-physiologische Besonderheiten sowie die Kenntnis häufiger Verletzungsmuster unabdingbar. Prognostisch sind neben dem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma oft thorakale Verletzungen relevant.

Fragestellung

Es sollen Epidemiologie und Verletzungscharakteristika schwer verletzter Kinder mit Fokus auf thorakale Verletzungen herausgearbeitet werden.

Material und Methoden

Retrospektive Analyse minderjähriger Patienten, die in einem Vierjahreszeitraum über den Schockraum unseres überregionalen Traumazentrums aufgenommen wurden. Als Grundlage zur Datenanalyse dienten die prospektive Erfassung der Patienten für das TR-DGU® sowie ein erweiterter hausinterner Datensatz. In Abhängigkeit einer thorakalen Verletzung erfolgte die Einteilung der Patienten in Gruppen mit (TT) und ohne Thoraxtrauma (KT), unterteilt in vier Altersuntergruppen.

Ergebnisse

Es wurden 256 Kinder und Jugendliche bis zum vollendeten 18. Lebensjahr eingeschlossen, davon 46 mit Thoraxverletzung. Der Altersschnitt für Patienten mit thorakaler Verletzung war mit 12,4 ± 4,9 Jahren höher als für die Gruppe KT (8,0 ± 5,2 Jahre). In beiden Gruppen waren die Patienten vorwiegend männlich (TT: 69,9 %, KT: 64,8 %). Verletzte mit Thoraxtrauma wiesen eine signifikant höhere Verletzungsschwere (ISS: 26,7 ± 15,8 vs. 8,1 ± 6,8 Punkten) und höhere Letalität auf (6,9 % vs. 1,9 %). Für beide Gruppen waren Verkehrsunfälle die häufigste Verletzungsursache. Patienten mit Thoraxverletzungen entwickelten in 52,2 % der Fälle während des stationären Aufenthaltes eine Komplikation (KT: 12,9 %).

Diskussion

Das Thoraxtrauma stellt im Kindesalter einen relevanten Faktor hinsichtlich Schwere der Gesamtverletzung und Komplikationen dar. Ein besonderes Augenmerk sollte daher auf die frühzeitige Diagnostik und Behandlung gelegt werden.

Abstract

Background

Severely injured children and adolescents in clinical practice are rare. For adequate treatment of these patients, detailed knowledge of anatomical and physiological peculiarities, as well as abundant injury patterns, are indispensable. Traumatic brain injuries are known to lead to an unfavorable outcome. In addition, thoracic trauma is regarded as prognostically unfavorable.

Objectives

This study depicts epidemiology and injury patterns of severely injured children and adolescents focusing on peculiarities in the severely injured with associated thoracic injuries.

Materials and methods

A retrospective analysis of underaged patients with suspicion of severe injuries who obtained emergency-room treatment in our level-one trauma center during a four-year time period was performed. The data was collected prospectively using the TraumaRegister® of the German Trauma Society as well as an extended house-internal dataset including data of daily clinical routine. The patients were divided into subgroups with (TT) and without (KT) thoracic trauma based on whether a thoracic injury was present or not. For further analysis, four age groups were established.

Results

In all, 256 patients younger than 18 years were eligible. Of these, 46 patients revealed thoracic injuries. The mean age of patients with thoracic trauma (12.4 ± 4.9 years) was significantly higher than for patients without thoracic trauma (8.0 ± 5.2 years). In both subgroups, most patients were male (TT: 69.9%, KT: 64.8%). Patients with concomitant thoracic trauma showed a significantly higher injury severity score (ISS) than patients without thoracic trauma (ISS: TT: 26.7 ± 15.8 vs. KT: 8.1 ± 6.8 points). Mortality was higher for TT as well (TT: 6.9% vs. KT: 1.9%). For both groups, traffic accidents were the most common cause of injury. Of patients with thoracic injuries, 52.2% developed at least one complication during their hospital stay (KT: 12.9%).

Conclusions

Thoracic trauma is a relevant factor in children with regard to the severity of total injury and complications. Particular attention should therefore be paid to early diagnosis and treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Abb. 1
Abb. 2

Literatur

  1. Abdulrahman H, Afifi I, El-Menyar A et al (2013) Clinical outcomes of multiple rib fractures: does age matter? Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 39:605–611

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Auner B, Marzi I (2014) Pediatric multiple trauma. Chirurg 85:451–461. doi:10.1007/s00104-013-2680-z (quiz 462–3)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Balci AE, Kazez A, Eren S et al (2004) Blunt thoracic trauma in children: review of 137 cases. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 26:387–392. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2004.04.024

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Bliss D, Silen M (2002) Pediatric thoracic trauma. Crit Care Med 30:S409–S415

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Brown JK, Jing Y, Wang S, Ehrlich PF (2006) Patterns of severe injury in pediatric car crash victims: crash injury research engineering network database. J Pediatr Surg 41:362–367. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2005.11.014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Buschmann C, Kühne CA, Lösch C et al (2008) Major trauma with multiple injuries in German children: a retrospective review. J Pediatr Orthop 28:1–5. doi:10.1097/BPO.0b013e31815b4d90

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Calkins CM, Bensard DD, Moore EE et al (2002) The injured child is resistant to multiple organ failure: a different inflammatory response? J Trauma 53:1058–1063. doi:10.1097/01.TA.0000025292.68353.59

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Crankson SJ, Fischer JD, Al-Rabeeah AA, Al-Jaddan SA (2001) Pediatric thoracic trauma. Saudi Med J 22:117–120

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Gatzka C, Begemann PGC, Wolff A et al (2005) Injury pattern and clinical course of children with multiple injuries in comparison to adults, Ab 11-year analysis at a clinic of maximum utilization. Unfallchirurg 108:470–480. doi:10.1007/s00113-005-0921-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Hall JR, Reyes HM, Meller JL et al (1996) The outcome for children with blunt trauma is best at a pediatric trauma center. J Pediatr Surg 31:72–76 (discussion 76–77)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Hildebrand F, Giannoudis PV, Griensven MV et al (2005) Management of polytraumatized patients with associated blunt chest trauma: a comparison of two European countries. Injury 36:293–302. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2004.08.012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Jakob H, Marzi I (2007) Das Polytrauma im Kindesalter. In: Oestern, Oestern H‑J (Hrsg) Das Polytrauma. Urban & Fischer, Elsevier, München, S 321–343

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Jakob H, Brand J, Marzi I (2009) Multiple trauma in pediatric patients. Unfallchirurg 112:951–958. doi:10.1007/s00113-009-1682-2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Jakob H, Lustenberger T, Schneidmüller D et al (2010) Pediatric polytrauma management. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 36:325–338. doi:10.1007/s00068-010-1125-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Kessel B, Dagan J, Swaid F et al (2014) Rib fractures: comparison of associated injuries between pediatric and adult population. Am J Surg 208:831–834. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.10.033

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Jakob H et al (2004) Verletzungsmuster und Organversagen beim kindlichen Polytrauma. In: Rueger JM, Schlickewei W, Engert J, Sommerfeldt DW (Hrsg) Das kindliche Polytrauma. Steinkopff, Heidelberg, S 1–13

    Google Scholar 

  17. Knudson MM, Shagoury C, Lewis FR (1992) Can adult trauma surgeons care for injured children? J Trauma 32:729–737 (discussion 737–739)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Laue E, Vorndran I (2008) Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen. STATMagazin. Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden

    Google Scholar 

  19. Laurer H, Wutzler S, Wyen H et al (2009) Quality of prehospital and early clinical care of pediatric trauma patients of school age compared to an adult cohort. A matched-pair analysis of 624 patients from the DGU trauma registry. Unfallchirurg 112:771–777. doi:10.1007/s00113-009-1589-y

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Lustenberger T, Talving P, Lam L et al (2013) Penetrating cardiac trauma in adolescents: a rare injury with excessive mortality. J Pediatr Surg 48:745–749. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.08.020

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Meier R, Krettek C, Grimme K et al (2005) The multiply injured child. Clin Orthop Relat Res:. doi:10.1097/01.blo.0000156005.01503.0a

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Pape HC, Remmers D, Rice J et al (2000) Appraisal of early evaluation of blunt chest trauma: development of a standardized scoring system for initial clinical decision making. J Trauma 49:496–504

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Peclet MH, Newman KD, Eichelberger MR et al (1990) Thoracic trauma in children: an indicator of increased mortality. J Pediatr Surg 25:961–965 (discussion 965–966)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Peleg AY, Hooper DC (2010) Hospital-acquired infections due to gram-negative bacteria. N Engl J Med 362:1804–1813. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0904124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Rush JK, Kelly DM, Astur N et al (2013) Associated injuries in children and adolescents with spinal trauma. J Pediatr Orthop 33:393–397. doi:10.1097/BPO.0b013e318279c7cb

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Schalamon J, von Bismarck S, Schober PH, Höllwarth ME (2003) Multiple trauma in pediatric patients. Pediatr Surg Int 19:417–423. doi:10.1007/s00383-003-0954-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Schlechtriemen T, Masson R, Burghofer K et al (2006) Pediatric cases in preclinical emergency medicine: critical aspects in the range of missions covered by ground ambulance and air rescue services. Anaesthesist 55:255–262. doi:10.1007/s00101-005-0922-2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Spiguel L, Glynn L, Liu D, Statter M (2006) Pediatric pelvic fractures: a marker for injury severity. Am Surg 72:481–484

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Teisch LF, Allen CJ, Tashiro J et al (2015) Injury patterns and outcomes following pediatric bicycle accidents. Pediatr Surg Int:. doi:10.1007/s00383-015-3756-2

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. UNICEF (2001): A league table of child deaths by injury in rich nations. Innocenti report card No2.UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Florence

  31. Voth M, Nau C, Marzi I (2013) Thoracic and lumbar spinal injuries in children and adolescents. Unfallchirurg 116:1062–1068. doi:10.1007/s00113-013-2460-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Walther AE, Pritts TA, Falcone RA et al (2014) Teen trauma without the drama: outcomes of adolescents treated at Ohio adult versus pediatric trauma centers. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 77:109–116. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000000277 (discussion 116)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Wutzler S, Sturm K, Lustenberger T et al (2016) Kinetic therapy in multiple trauma patients with severe thoracic trauma: a treatment option to reduce ventilator time and improve outcome. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg:. doi:10.1007/s00068-016-0692-3

    Google Scholar 

  34. Wutzler S, Wafaisade A, Maegele M et al (2012) Lung Organ Failure Score (LOFS): probability of severe pulmonary organ failure after multiple injuries including chest trauma. Injury 43:1507–1512. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2010.12.029

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Zimmerman JE, Knaus WA, Wagner DP et al (1996) A comparison of risks and outcomes for patients with organ system failure: 1982–1990. Crit Care Med 24:1633–1641

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Philipp Störmann.

Ethics declarations

Interessenkonflikt

P. Störmann, J. N. Weber, H. Jakob, I. Marzi und D. Schneidmueller geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Alle beschriebenen Untersuchungen am Menschen wurden mit Zustimmung der zuständigen Ethik-Kommission, im Einklang mit nationalem Recht sowie gemäß der Deklaration von Helsinki von 1975 (in der aktuellen, überarbeiteten Fassung) durchgeführt. Von allen beteiligten Patienten liegt eine Einverständniserklärung vor.

Additional information

Redaktion

W. Mutschler, München

H. Polzer, München

B. Ockert, München

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Störmann, P., Weber, J.N., Jakob, H. et al. Thorakale Verletzungen beim schwer verletzten Kind. Unfallchirurg 121, 223–229 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-017-0312-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-017-0312-7

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation