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Knochenersatz

Transplantate und Ersatzmaterialien – ein Update

Bone substitute

Transplants and replacement materials – an update

  • Medizin aktuell/Technische Innovationen
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Zusammenfassung

Autologer Knochen ist aufgrund seiner speziellen Eigenschaften als Knochentransplantat zur Defektauffüllung unumstritten. Neben allogenen Knochentransplantaten als Alternative haben sich eine Reihe von Knochenersatzmaterialien etabliert, so dass der Überblick angesichts der Fülle der auf dem Markt befindlichen Knochenersatzmaterialien beinahe verloren geht. Der vorliegende Beitrag soll eine Übersicht über die kommerziell erhältlichen Materialien geben. Unterschiedliche Klassifikationssysteme hinsichtlich Herkunft, Vitalität, biologischer Wertigkeit und ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung werden vorgestellt sowie einzelne Materialien inklusive ihrer Vor- und Nachteile dargestellt. Abschließend soll eine Beschreibung von „tissue engineering“ und der Gentherapie einen Ausblick in die Zukunft geben.

Abstract

Due to the special characteristics, autologous bone for bone grafting remains the gold standard for defect filling. Besides allogenic bone transplants, as an alternative a set of bone substitutes has been established. An overview of the bone substitutes presently on the market is almost lost due to the abundance of products. The present paper gives a review of the materials available on the market. Different classification systems regarding origin, vitality, biological priority and chemical composition are described as well as the individual materials including the advantages and disadvantages. Finally, a description of tissue engineering and gene therapy gives a view of future prospective.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland

    C. Rentsch, H. Zwipp & S. Rammelt

  2. Catgut GmbH, Gewerbepark 18, 08258, Markneukirchen, Deutschland

    B. Rentsch

  3. Max-Bergmann-Zentrum für Biomaterialien, Dresden, Deutschland

    D. Scharnweber

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  1. C. Rentsch
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  2. B. Rentsch
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  3. D. Scharnweber
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  4. H. Zwipp
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  5. S. Rammelt
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Correspondence to C. Rentsch or B. Rentsch.

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Rentsch, C., Rentsch, B., Scharnweber, D. et al. Knochenersatz. Unfallchirurg 115, 938–949 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-012-2238-4

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