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Körperliche Aktivität

Ernährungsspezifische Aspekte

Physical activity

Nutrition-specific aspects

  • Leitthema
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Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

In der kindlichen Entwicklung spielen Ernährung und die ausreichende Deckung des Energiebedarfs eine wichtige Rolle. Hauptenergielieferanten sind Kohlenhydrate und Fette, die bei Belastung im Vergleich zu Erwachsenen anders genutzt werden. Dies ist auf die abweichenden Stoffwechselprozesse mit Betonung der Fettverbrennung bei geringerer glykolytischer Kapazität usw. zurückzuführen. Körperliche Aktivität, insbesondere Training, fordert den wachsenden Organismus und führt zu einem höheren Nährstoffbedarf. Dieser ändert sich mit dem Wachstum und zunehmender Reife. Im Wesentlichen gelten aber prozentual hinsichtlich der Makronährstoffe die gleichen Empfehlungen wie bei inaktiven Kindern und Erwachsenen. Bezüglich der Mikronährstoffe weisen Ausdauerathleten, besonders weibliche, vermehrt Eisen- und Kalziumdefizite auf. Eine Vitamin- und Mineralstoffsupplementation ist jedoch nach bisheriger Datenlage, außer bei nachgewiesenen Mangelerscheinungen nicht erforderlich. Unbedingt unterstrichen werden muss die Bedeutung einer ausreichenden balancierten Kalorien- und Flüssigkeitszufuhr, um möglichen Folgeschäden vorzubeugen. Ausdrücklich nicht empfohlen werden zusätzliche leistungssteigernde Substanzen.

Abstract

Nutrition and an optimal coverage of the energy requirements are essential for proper growth and healthy development of children. Carbohydrates and fats are the main energy sources and compared with adults, children have a higher rate of fat oxygenation because of a reduced glycolytic capacity etc. Physical activity, especially training, alters the demands of the growing organism and leads to increased nutritional requirements. The recommended percentages for macronutrients are essential the same as for inactive children and adults. For micronutrients, endurance athletes, especially females, show increased deficits in iron and calcium levels. A vitamin and mineral supplementation is not recommended as no manifest deficiency occurs. The importance of an adequate energy and fluid supply must be emphasized to prevent possible subsequent damage (low bone mineral density, stress fractures, heat exhaustion etc.). An additional supplementation with performance enhancing substances is absolutely not recommended.

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  1. Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Carl-Diem-Weg 6, 50933 , Köln, Deutschland

    C. Graf & K. Holtz

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  1. C. Graf
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  2. K. Holtz
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Correspondence to C. Graf.

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Graf, C., Holtz, K. Körperliche Aktivität. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 156, 33–38 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-007-1660-0

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