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Animal models and molecular imaging tools to investigate lymph node metastases

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Abstract

Lymph node metastasis is a strong predictor of poor outcome in cancer patients. Animal studies of lymph node metastasis are constrained by difficulties in the establishment of appropriate animal models, limitations in the noninvasive monitoring of lymph node metastasis progression, and challenges in the pathologic confirmation of lymph node metastases. In this comprehensive review, we summarize available preclinical animal cancer models for noninvasive imaging and identification of lymph node metastases of non-hematogenous cancers. Furthermore, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of common noninvasive imaging modalities used to identify tumor-bearing lymph nodes and provide guidelines for their pathological confirmation.

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Acknowledgments

Funding

This study was supported in part by American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Translational Research Award, American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS)—Third Edward D. Churchill Research Scholarship, IASLC—International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Young Investigator Award, National Lung Cancer Partnership/LUNGevity Foundation Research Grant, New York State Empire Clinical Research Investigator Program (ECRIP), Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation (MARF), grant in memory of Lance S. Ruble and Stony Wold-Herbert Fund, and William H. Goodwin and Alice Goodwin and the Commonwealth Foundation for Cancer Research and the Experimental Therapeutics Center.

Disclosures

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Thoracic Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA

    Elliot L. Servais, Christos Colovos, Adam J. Bograd & Prasad S. Adusumilli

  2. Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

    Elliot L. Servais, Christos Colovos, Adam J. Bograd, Michel Sadelain & Prasad S. Adusumilli

  3. Tri-Institutional Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

    Julie White

  4. Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

    Michel Sadelain

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  1. Elliot L. Servais
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  2. Christos Colovos
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  3. Adam J. Bograd
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  6. Prasad S. Adusumilli
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Correspondence to Prasad S. Adusumilli.

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Elliot L. Servais and Christos Colovos contributed equally to this work.

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Supplemental Table 1

Immunodeficient mouse hosts (DOC 55 kb)

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Servais, E.L., Colovos, C., Bograd, A.J. et al. Animal models and molecular imaging tools to investigate lymph node metastases. J Mol Med 89, 753–769 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-011-0764-0

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