Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das akute Nierenversagen gehört zu den häufigsten Komplikationen in der Intensivmedizin. Trotz aller technischen Neuerungen auf dem Gebiet der extrakorporalen Nierenersatztherapie ist es weiterhin mit einer hohen Morbidität und Mortalität verbunden. Selbst geringe Veränderungen der Nierenfunktion haben signifikante Auswirkungen auf Überleben und Langzeitprognose. Der vorliegende Beitrag umfasst die wichtigsten Aspekte des akuten Nierenversagens sowie der verschiedenen Behandlungsoptionen.
Methoden
Selektive Literaturrecherche sowie Auswertung des eigenen Patientenguts
Schlussfolgerung
Aufgrund der weiterhin hohen Mortalitätsrate müssen die wichtigsten Ziele einer modernen Intensivmedizin die Prophylaxe, frühzeitige Diagnose und kausale Behandlung des akuten Nierenversagens sein. Im Falle einer Dialysepflicht stehen verschiedene Verfahren zur Verfügung, die ein individuell angepasstes Dialyseregime ermöglichen.
Abstract
Background
Acute kidney injury is still one of the most common serious complications in critical ill patients and is associated with high mortality. Even small changes in renal function significantly influence survival and long-term prognosis.
Material and methods
Selective literature research and analysis of intensive care population with renal failure.
Conclusion
Prophylactic measures as well as early diagnosis and therapy must be the goal of a modern intensive care treatment. Various treatment modalities for renal replacement therapy allow individualized treatment of each patient. The review summarizes the main aspects on prophylaxis and early diagnosis of acute kidney injury as well as the different treatment modalities for an individualized renal replacement therapy.
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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien
Interessenkonflikt. M.P. Woznowski, L.C. Rump und G. Schieren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.
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Woznowski, M., Rump, L. & Schieren, G. Nierenersatztherapie auf der Intensivstation. Internist 55, 1278–1287 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-014-3508-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-014-3508-8