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Neue Substanzen in der Therapie der Angina pectoris

New agents for the therapy of angina pectoris

  • Arzneimitteltherapie
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Zusammenfassung

Die medikamentöse Behandlung der chronischen Angina pectoris erlebt trotz der Fortschritte der interventionellen Therapie eine Renaissance. Zu den neueren antianginösen Medikamenten zählen Nicorandil, Ivabradin und Ranolazin. Nicorandil erweitert venöse und arterielle Gefäße über eine Relaxation der glatten Gefäßmuskulatur. Da die Substanz erst kürzlich zugelassen wurde, sind die Erfahrungen in Deutschland noch begrenzt. Ivabradin hemmt über seine Wirkung am Sinusknoten selektiv die Herzfrequenz und wirkt darüber antianginös. Multiple klinische Studien haben die antianginöse Wirksamkeit, auch als zusätzliche Therapie zu einer klassischen antianginösen Behandlung, bestätigt. Ein Einsatz ist sinnvoll als Alternative oder „Add-on-Therapie“ zum β-Blocker, wenn die Zielfrequenz zur Behandlung der Angina pectoris noch nicht erreicht ist. Ranolazin verzögert den späten Natriumeinstrom in die Herzmuskelzelle und verbessert dadurch die diastolische Funktion sowie die Mikrozirkulation des Myokards. Mehrere größere Studien haben eine antianginöse Wirksamkeit der Substanz bestätigt. Sie wird derzeit dann eingesetzt, wenn unter einer Mehrfachkombination mit klassischen Antianginosa weiter Angina pectoris auftritt.

Abstract

There is a renaissance of medical treatment of chronic angina pectoris despite of advances in interventional therapy. New drugs include nicorandil, ivabradine and ranolazine. Nicorandil dilates venous and arterial vessels via relaxation of smooth muscle cells. Since the drug has only recently been approved, the German experience is limited. Ivabradine exerts an anti-anginous effect by selective action on the sinus node with reduction of heart rate. Multiple studies have demonstrated its anti-anginal efficacy, which has also been shown if it was used as an additional therapy to classic anti-anginal treatment. Its use is reasonable as a substitute for beta-blockers or as an “add-on therapy” combined with beta-blockers, if the target heart rate for treatment of angina pectoris has not been reached. Ranolazine delays the late sodium current into the myocytes. Thereby, it improves the diastolic ventricular function and the microcirculation of the myocardium. Several large studies confirmed the anti-anginal efficacy of the drug. Currently it is used if angina pectoris still occurs under a combined treatment with different classic anti-anginal drugs.

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Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor weist auf folgende Beziehungen hin:

T.M. ist beratend für die Fa. Berlin Chemie und die Fa. Servier tätig. T.M. und R.K. nehmen ferner an von Fa. Servier unterstützten klinischen Studien teil.

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Meinertz, T., Köster, R. Neue Substanzen in der Therapie der Angina pectoris. Internist 52, 894–901 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-011-2854-z

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