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Infektiöse Endokarditis als kardiovaskulärer Notfall

Infective endocarditis as cardiovascular emergency

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Zusammenfassung

Die infektiöse Endokarditis ist eine in der Regel durch Bakterien verursachte Infektion kardiovaskulärer Strukturen. Trotz aller medizinischer Fortschritte ist die Letalität mit bis zu 26% sehr hoch, kann aber bei komplizierten Verläufen, die zu einer Aufnahme auf einer Intensivstation führen, bis zu 84% betragen. Die Diagnose basiert auf dem blutkulturellen Nachweis typischer Mikroorganismen und dem echokardiographischen Nachweis einer Endokardbeteiligung. Gerade bei klinisch instabilen Patienten ist eine schnelle Initiierung eines adäquaten therapeutischen Regimes essenziell, um schwere Komplikationen wie eine akute Herzinsuffizienz, eine unkontrollierte Infektion oder septische Embolien zu verhindern. Dazu ist eine zielgerichtete, erregerspezifische antimikrobielle Therapie von entscheidender Bedeutung. Die enge Kooperation von Internist, Infektiologe und Herzchirurg ist erforderlich, um eine angemessene medikamentöse und verzögerungsfreie chirurgische Therapie zu ermöglichen. Postoperativ sollte die antimikrobielle Therapie konsequent fortgesetzt werden.

Abstract

Infective endocarditis is an infection of cardiovascular structures which is typically caused by bacteria. Despite recent medical advances mortality reaches up to 26% which is even higher with mortality rates of up to 84% in complex cases leading to admission to intensive care units. The diagnosis is based on positive blood culture results with identical microorganisms and the demonstration of endocardial involvement. A rapid initiation of an adequate therapeutic regimen is important to prevent the patients from severe complications such as heart failure, uncontrolled infection or septic embolism. An early and targeted initiation of an antibiotic therapy after microbiologic testing is crucial for therapeutic success. The immediate cooperation of Cardiologists, Microbiologists, Infectious Disease Specialists and Cardiac Surgeons is highly recommended to allow an adequate medical and surgical treatment without delay in complex cases. Antibiotic treatment has to be continued postoperatively.

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Plicht, B., Jánosi, RA., Buck, T. et al. Infektiöse Endokarditis als kardiovaskulärer Notfall. Internist 51, 987–994 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-009-2538-0

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