Abstract
A novel reactive flame retardant based on L-cysteines containing P, N and S flame retardant elements was synthesized, and using its good water solubility, different concentrations of flame retardant poplar wood powder were prepared, and using the hot pressing process method, flame retardant density boards were made and their flame retardancy was studied. The thermogravimetric infrared coupler (TG-FTIR) test and thermal cracking gas mass spectrometer (Py-GC–MS) test both revealed that the flame retardant modified the thermal decomposition pathway of the wood, forming many residues and producing only a small amount of combustible gas. The ultimate oxygen index (LOI) of poplar density board treated with 20% cysteine-based flame retardant was as high as 60.9%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the surface of the treated wood powder was rough and that the wood powder particles were interconnected by the flame retardant. This suggests that the flame-retardant molecules have a bridging effect on the inner structure of the density board. Moreover, the cone calorimetry (CONE) experiments showed that with the flame-retardant treatment, there was significant reduction of total heat release (THR) and heat release rate (HRR) of the density board. The outcomes demonstrated the excellent flame retardancy and catalytic carbon formation of the poplar density board treated with the flame retardant. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the cysteine-based flame retardant.
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Acknowledgements
Thanks to all research partners in this project for their cooperation and collaboration. The authors thank Prof. C.T. Au for editing and helpful suggestions.
Funding
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation Project of Changsha (Grant No. kq2202285), the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Joint Fund (Grant No. 2021JJ50030), the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Tackling Project (Grant No. 2020GK2061) and the Excellent Youth Fund Project of Hunan Provincial Education Department (Grant No. 20B137).
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DY: Resources, Investigation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing-original draft, Validation. JT and DC: Project administration. LY, ZH and DZ: Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Data curation. DP and LS: Visualization, Software. QT, ZT and JD: Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Writing-review & editing. YH: conceptualization, methodology, funding acquisition, formal analysis, supervision, writing—original draft, writing-review & editing. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Yan, D., Tan, J., Chen, D. et al. A novel cysteine-based flame retardant for biomass poplar wood density board. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 82, 175–187 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-023-01984-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-023-01984-x