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Neuromonitoring—Funktionssicherung und -erhalt bei schädelbasischirurgischen Eingriffen?

Neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring to preserve cranial nerve function in base of skull surgery

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Durch die Einführung der Computerchiptechnologie hat das intraoperative Neuromonitoring eine Renaissance erfahren. Heute lassen sich mit relativ kleinen, mobilen Geräten motorische und sensorische Hirnnervenfunktionen einschließlich des II. und VIII. Hirnnerven intraoperativ sicher kontrollieren.

Patienten und Methode

Zur Beurteilung des Stellenwerts des intraoperativen Neuromonitoring mit dieser neuen Gerätegeneration haben wir 379 Patientenakten ausgewertet, bei denen in der Zeit von 1996 an schädelbasischirurgische Eingriffe unter einem intraoperativen Neuromonitoring erfolgten. Kontrolliert wurden insbesondere die Hirnnerven II, VII und VIII, seltener die Hirnnerven IX, X, XI und XII.

Ergebnisse

Bei 72% der Patienten war im Verlauf der Operation ein verändertes Neuromonitoring dokumentiert. Nach Abschluss der postoperativen Wundheilungsphase war nur noch bei 29% aller Patienten ein klinisch oder elektroneuronographisch veränderte Nervenfunktion nachweisbar.

Schlussfolgerung

Das intraoperative Neuromonitoring stellt für den Operateur die einzige Gelegenheit dar, sich während des Eingriffs über den Funktionszustand des betreffenden Hirnnervens zu orientieren.

Abstract

Background

Neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring (NIM) has gone through a renaissance since the advent of computer technology. Currently, both motor and sensory cranial nerves, including the IInd and VIIIth cranial nerves, can be intraoperatively controlled by means of small and mobile systems.

Patients and methods

In order to estimate the value of NIM using the new generation of computer systems, we analyzed the records of 379 patients who underwent skull base surgery since 1996. These comprised NIM of the IInd, VIIth, VIIIth cranial nerves in most cases and of the IXth, Xth, XIth, and XIIth cranial nerves in selected cases.

Results

Whereas 72% of these cases demonstrated changes in the recorded intraoperative NIM signals, only 29% of them gave evidence of either clinical or electrophysiological neural function alterations during the postoperative follow-up.

Conclusions

NIM is the only available system capable of providing the surgeon with instant intraoperative neural status-related feedback.

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Schipper, J., Ridder, G.J., Arapakis, I. et al. Neuromonitoring—Funktionssicherung und -erhalt bei schädelbasischirurgischen Eingriffen?. HNO 52, 897–907 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-004-1074-4

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