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Anorektales malignes Melanom

Aktuelles zu Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie

Anorectal melanoma

Update on clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment

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Zusammenfassung

Anorektale Melanome zählen zu den seltenen malignen Erkrankungen und stellen aufgrund ihrer verborgenen anatomischen Lage eine diagnostische Herausforderung dar. Sie sind mit unspezifischen klinischen Symptomen assoziiert und werden daher häufig als benigne Erkrankungen fehlinterpretiert. Verzögerte Diagnosestellung im lokal fortgeschrittenen oder metastasierten Stadium und eine ungünstige Prognose für die betroffenen Patienten sind die Folge. Aufgrund der insgesamt niedrigen Inzidenz anorektaler Melanome existieren bisher keine international oder national anerkannten Leitlinien zur Diagnostik oder Therapie. Die vorliegende Arbeit beabsichtigt, einen Überblick über Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie des anorektalen Melanoms anhand der aktuell verfügbaren Literatur zu geben.

Abstract

Anorectal melanomas are a rare malignant type of cancer and pose a diagnostic challenge due to their hidden anatomical location. They are associated with nonspecific clinical symptoms and are therefore often misinterpreted as benign disease. The result is delayed diagnosis in the locally advanced or metastasized stage and an unfavorable prognosis. Given the overall low incidence of the tumor, no consensus guidelines for diagnosis or therapy are established either internationally or nationally at present. The present work intends to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical aspects, diagnostics, and therapeutic approaches of anorectal melanoma based on the currently available literature.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Helios St. Elisabeth Klinik Oberhausen, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Josefstr. 3, 46045, Oberhausen, Deutschland

    Johanna Matull,  Alexander Kreuter, Ulrich-Peter Wehry & Alena-Lioba Michalowitz

  2. Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Helios St. Johannes Klinik Duisburg, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Dieselstr. 185, 47166, Duisburg, Deutschland

    Alexander Kreuter

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  1. Johanna Matull
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Correspondence to Alexander Kreuter.

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Interessenkonflikt

J. Matull, A. Kreuter, U.-P. Wehry und A.-L. Michalowitz geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien. Für Bildmaterial oder anderweitige Angaben innerhalb des Manuskripts, über die Patient/-innen zu identifizieren sind, liegt von ihnen und/oder ihren gesetzlichen Vertretern/Vertreterinnen eine schriftliche Einwilligung vor.

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Der Verlag bleibt in Hinblick auf geografische Zuordnungen und Gebietsbezeichnungen in veröffentlichten Karten und Institutsadressen neutral.

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Matull, J., Kreuter, A., Wehry, UP. et al. Anorektales malignes Melanom. Dermatologie 75, 15–21 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-023-05252-0

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