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Intraduktale papillär-muzinöse Neoplasie des Seitengangs– Kontra Resektion

Branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm – contra resection

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Zusammenfassung

Die Diagnose intraduktaler papillär-muzinöser Neoplasien vom Seitengangtyp (Seitengang-IPMN) hat in den letzten Jahren durch eine Verbesserung der modernen bildgebenden Verfahren deutlich zugenommen. Seitengang-IPMN werden häufig als Zufallsbefunde bei asymptomatischen Patienten diagnostiziert. Das optimale Vorgehen beim Vorliegen einer Seitengang-IPMN ist Thema kontroverser Diskussionen. Zahlreiche Untersuchungen zeigen, dass eine individualisierte Therapiestrategie mit einer Verlaufsbeobachtung der meisten Seitengang-IPMN unter Berücksichtigung von Alter, Komorbiditäten und Patientenwunsch bevorzugt werden sollte. Grundlage hierfür bilden eine subtile Anamneseerhebung sowie eine genaue Diagnostik mit hochauflösenden bildgebenden Verfahren und endoskopischem Ultraschall. Symptomatische Patienten sowie Patienten mit sog. „high-risk stigmata“ sollten einer Resektion unterzogen werden. Asymptomatischen Patienten mit sog. „worrisome features“ kann entweder unter Berücksichtigung des Alters und der Komorbiditäten eine engmaschige Überwachung oder eine chirurgische Resektion angeboten werden. Bei Seitengang-IPMN ohne „high-risk stigmata“ und „worrisome features“ sowie ohne Vorliegen einer Symptomatik ist eine Verlaufsbeobachtung das Vorgehen der Wahl. Vor allem die hohe Prävalenz von Seitengang-IPMN, Limitationen bei der Differenzialdiagnostik, ein überschätztes Malignitätsrisiko aufgrund einer Überrepräsentation symptomatischer und suspekter Seitengang-IPMN in operierten Kohorten, eine überschätzte Bedeutung von Seitengang-IPMN als Vorläuferläsionen für das Pankreaskarzinom sowie der Nachweis der Sicherheit der Verlaufsbeobachtung unterstreichen den zunehmenden Stellenwert der Verlaufsbeobachtung. Basierend darauf und vor dem Hintergrund der nicht zu unterschätzenden Mortalität und Morbidität der Pankreaschirurgie ist ein aggressives Management mit prophylaktischer Resektion für alle Seitengang-IPMN einschließlich „risikoarmer“ Läsionen nicht gerechtfertigt.

Abstract

Due to improvements in imaging modalities the diagnosis of branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMN) has been significantly increased in recent years. A BD-IPMN is frequently diagnosed as an incidental finding in asymptomatic patients. The optimal management of BD-IPMN is the subject of controversial discussions. Numerous studies have shown that an individualized therapeutic strategy with a follow-up observation of most BD-IPMNs is feasible and safe, considering age, comorbidities and patient preference. An accurate evaluation of BD-IPMN with a detailed anamnesis, high-resolution imaging techniques and endoscopic ultrasound is necessary. Symptomatic patients as well as patients with so-called high-risk stigmata should undergo resection. Asymptomatic patients with so-called worrisome features can either undergo surveillance or surgical resection, taking age and comorbidities into account. For BD-IPMN patients without high-risk stigmata and worrisome features and showing no symptoms, surveillance of the pancreatic lesion is the preferred approach. The high prevalence of BD-IPMN, limitations in differential diagnostics, an overestimation of the risk of malignancy due to an overrepresentation of symptomatic and suspected BD-IPMN in resected cohorts, an overestimated role of BD-IPMN as precursor lesions for pancreatic carcinoma and evidence of the safety of follow-up surveillance, underline the enormous importance of surveillance. Based on this and considering the background of a notable mortality and morbidity of pancreatic surgery, aggressive management with prophylactic surgical resection is not justified for all BD-IPMN, in particular for low-risk lesions.

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Correspondence to Robert Grützmann.

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M. Brunner, G. F. Weber, S. Kersting und R. Grützmann geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Brunner, M., Weber, G.F., Kersting, S. et al. Intraduktale papillär-muzinöse Neoplasie des Seitengangs– Kontra Resektion. Chirurg 88, 918–926 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-017-0495-z

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