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Die R1-Resektion beim Rektumkarzinom

R1 resection in rectal cancer

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Kein Krebs heilt, es sei denn, er wäre ganz und gar radikal herausgeschnitten. Wenn nämlich etwas zurückbleibt, steigert sich die Bösartigkeit von der Wurzel aus. (Henri de Mondeville, 1260–1316, Chirurg und ab 1298 Leibarzt Phillips des Schönen, König von Frankreich)

Zusammenfassung

R1-Resektionen beim Rektumkarzinom betreffen besonders den zirkumferenziellen Resektionsrand (CRM). Sie führen zu erhöhten Lokalrezidivraten, mehr Fernmetastasen und zu einer schlechteren Prognose. Bereits die Nähe des Tumors zum CRM erhöht diese Risiken. Deshalb ist leitliniengemäß jetzt zu unterscheiden zwischen R0-wide (≥1 mm Abstand), R0-close (<1 mm) und R1. Entscheidend für die Reduktion und Vermeidung von R1-Situationen ist die chirurgische Technik. Die Präparation folgt in standardisierter radikaler Weise den Grenzschichten und Hüllfaszien und weicht wenn nötig unter En-bloc-Mitresektion benachbarter Strukturen davon ab. Die neoadjuvante Therapie trägt ebenfalls zur Reduktion von R1-Situationen bei, kann aber inadäquate Operationstechniken nicht kompensieren.

Abstract

R1 resections in rectal cancer particularly affect the circumferential resection margin (CRM) and lead to increased local recurrence rates, more distant metastases and a poorer prognosis. The proximity of the tumor to the CRM is already sufficient to increases these risks; therefore, according to the guidelines, it is now necessary to distinguish between R0 wide (≥1 mm distance), R0 close (<1 mm) and R1. The surgical technique is decisive for avoiding R1 situations. The preparation follows the boundary layers and envelope fascia in a standardized radical way and if necessary deviates away from these structures and the tumor under en bloc resection of neighboring structures. Neoadjuvant therapy also contributes to the reduction of R1 situations but cannot compensate for inadequate surgical procedures.

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Notes

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  2. Will Rogers war ein amerikanischer Humorist, der in den 30er Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts in Bezug auf geographische Migration den Ausspruch geprägt haben soll „When the Okies left Oklahoma and moved to California, they raised the average intelligence levels in both states“. Dies wurde später auf „stage migration“ in der Onkologie angewendet.

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Raab, HR. Die R1-Resektion beim Rektumkarzinom. Chirurg 88, 771–776 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-017-0480-6

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