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Laparoskopie bei Verdacht auf akute Appendizitis

Soll die makroskopisch unauffällige Appendix entfernt werden?

Laparoscopy for suspected appendicitis

Should an appendix that appears normal be removed? 

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Zusammenfassung

Die Diskussion über die Frage, ob die Appendix entfernt werden soll, wenn sie bei der unter Appendizitisverdacht durchgeführten Laparoskopie unauffällig erscheint, ist bis heute nicht abgeschlossen. Die standardmäßige Appendektomie in diesen Fällen vermeidet diagnostische Verwirrung bei später erneut auftretenden Beschwerden, beseitigt das Risiko einer sich im späteren Leben entwickelnden akuten Appendizitis und bietet darüber hinaus den Vorteil der frühen Diagnose und Behandlung makroskopisch nicht erkennbarer neoplastischer Läsionen sowie der so genannten neurogenen Appendikopathie. Dieses Vorgehen ist jedoch nur dann gerechtfertigt, wenn dadurch die peri- und postoperative Morbidität im Vergleich zur rein diagnostischen Laparoskopie nicht erhöht wird. Wir führten deshalb eine retrospektive Untersuchung aller Patienten der Park-Klinik Weißensee in Berlin durch, bei denen zwischen 2000 und 2006 eine makroskopisch als unauffällig beurteilte Appendix per laparoscopiam entfernt worden war und verglichen diese mit allen im gleichen Zeitraum rein diagnostisch laparoskopierten Patienten. Unsere Daten sowie die kritische Analyse der Literatur zum Thema zeigen, dass die Entfernung der makroskopisch unauffälligen Appendix die Morbidität einer unter dem Verdacht einer akuten Appendizitis ohnehin durchgeführten Laparoskopie nicht erhöht und angesichts ihrer potenziellen Vorteile immer durchgeführt werden sollte.

Abstract

The question whether an appendix found to be macroscopically normal at laparoscopy for suspected appendicitis should be removed remains open to debate. Potential advantages of appendicectomy in all cases include early diagnosis of neoplastic lesions that cannot be detected macroscopically, diagnosis and cure of neurogenic appendicectomy, avoidance of diagnostic confusion in later episodes of abdominal pain, and prevention of appendicitis developing later in life. Therefore, adopting a strategy of always removing the appendix even if it is found to be uninflamed at laparoscopy seems justified as long as it does not imply an increase in postoperative morbidity. We retrospectively studied all patients undergoing laparoscopic appendicectomy in which a „normal appendix“ was found and all patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy in our hospital during a 7-year period. Our data as well as a critical review of the literature show that removal of the appendix does not increase morbidity compared to simple diagnostic laparoscopy and should always be done when performing laparoscopy for suspected acute appendicitis.

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Garlipp, B., Arlt, G. Laparoskopie bei Verdacht auf akute Appendizitis. Chirurg 80, 615–621 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-009-1761-5

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