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Offene Appendektomie

Wann wird sie noch gebraucht?

Open appendectomy

When do we still need it?

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Zusammenfassung

Die akute Appendizitis ist mit über 130.000 Appendektomien im Jahr der häufigste viszeralchirurgische Notfalleingriff in Deutschland. Die Frage nach dem Operationsverfahren muss daher in regelmäßigen Abständen diskutiert werden. Laparoskopische Operationen werden mittlerweile von allen chirurgischen Abteilungen in Deutschland angeboten. Besonders in Krankenhäusern mit Schwerpunkt in der minimal-invasiven Chirurgie wird die laparoskopische Appendektomie (LA) als Standardverfahren angegeben. Knapp 30 Jahre nach Einführung der LA entsteht der Eindruck, dass nur noch in wenigen Fällen eine offene Appendektomie (OA) durchgeführt wird. Tatsächlich wurden 2006 in Deutschland aber 46% aller Appendektomien konventionell durchgeführt. Dieser hohe Prozentsatz belegt, dass die OA nach wie vor das Standardverfahren in vielen chirurgischen Abteilungen in Deutschland ist. Anhand der Ergebnisse der Literatur gibt es bestimmte Situationen, in denen die OA vorteilhaft sein kann. Kleinkinder (unter 5 Jahre) haben durch ihre kleine Abdominalhöhle schwierige Grundvoraussetzungen für eine LA, sodass meistens eine OA als das Verfahren der Wahl gilt. In der Schwangerschaft birgt eine OA ein niedrigeres Risiko für den Fetus als die LA. Die Kostenanalyse zeigt, dass die OA die finanziell günstigere Methode für das Krankenhaus (Materialkosten) ist, während die LA durch den früheren Wiedereintritt der Patienten in die Arbeitswelt die volkswirtschaftlich bessere Variante ist. Aufgrund der schnellen Rekonvaleszenz der Patienten nach einer Appendektomie sind die Unterschiede der beiden Verfahren nur marginal. In verschiedenen Subgruppenanalysen zeigen sich aber Vorteile für die einzelnen Verfahren. Die möglichen Subgruppen, die von einer OA profitieren könnten, werden hier besprochen.

Abstract

Acute appendicitis is the most common emergency visceral surgical procedure in Germany with 130,000 appendectomies. The question of which operational procedure should be used must therefore be discussed at regular intervals. In many centers of minimal invasive surgery, laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is the standard procedure. Nearly 30 years after introduction of LA, it is believed that open appendectomy (OA) is needed only on rare occasions, but the actual percentage of OAs carried out in 2006 was 46% of all appendectomies. This high percentage documents that OA is still the standard procedure in many German hospitals. A review of the literature shows that there are still some situations in which OA is superior to LA. Infants younger than 5 years old have a more difficult basic requirement for LA due to the small abdominal cavity, therefore OA is the procedure of choice in most cases. During pregnancy OA has a lower risk for the fetus than LA. Cost analyses show that OA is less expensive for the hospital in material costs, whereas LA is the better economic choice due to an earlier return to work. In summary, there are only marginal differences between the two procedures since both offer a fast patient recovery. Advantages in favor of both LA and OA exist in subgroup analyses and the possible subgroups that can benefit from OA are discussed in this article.

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Reißfelder, C., Mc Cafferty, B. & von Frankenberg, M. Offene Appendektomie. Chirurg 80, 602–607 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-009-1683-2

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