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Stadienadaptierte Therapie des Hämorrhoidalleidens

Stage-adjusted treatment for haemorrhoidal disease

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Zusammenfassung

Das Hämorrhoidalleiden ist eine der häufigsten Erkrankungen in den Industrienationen. Die stadienadaptierte Therapie orientiert sich an der Größe der Veränderung: Hämorrhoiden 1. Grades werden konservativ behandelt. Zusätzlich zu ballaststoffreicher Ernährung kommt die Sklerosierung zum Einsatz. Bei Hämorrhoiden 2. Grades ist die Therapie der Wahl die ambulante Gummibandligatur nach Barron. Hämorrhoiden 3. Grades sind nur in Ausnahmefällen noch konservativ mit zufrieden stellendem Ergebnis therapierbar. Insbesondere bei segmentären Hämorrhoidalvorfällen sind die Verfahren nach Milligan-Morgan und Ferguson empfehlenswert. Bei zirkulären Hämorrhoiden 3. Grades ist die Staplerhämorrhoidopexie als die Methode der Wahl anzusehen. Hämorrhoiden 4. Grades sind im akuten Stadium der Thrombosierung oder Inkarzeration bevorzugt konservativ, im Stadium chronisch-fixierter Vorfälle ausschließlich operativ zu sanieren.

Eine stadienorientierte Therapie des Hämorrhoidalleidens mit konservativen und operativen Maßnahmen bietet eine hohe Heilungschance mit niedrigem Komplikations- und Rezidivrisiko.

Abstract

Haemorrhoidal disease is one of the most frequent disorders in western countries. The aim of individual therapy is eradication of symptoms achieved by normalisation of anatomy and physiology. Treatment is orientated to the stage of the disease: First-degree haemorrhoids are treated conservatively. In addition to high fibre diet, sclerotherapy is used. Haemorrhoids of the 2nd degree prolapse during defecation and return spontaneously. First-line treatment is rubber band ligation. Third-degree haemorrhoids that prolapse during defecation have to be digitally reduced. The majority of these patients need surgery. For segmental disorders haemorrhoidectomy according to Milligan-Morgan or Ferguson is recommended. In circular disease Stapler haemorrhoidopexy is now the procedure of choice. Using a classification orientated therapeutical regime orientated to the classification of haemorrhoidal disease offers high healing rates with a low rate of complications and recurrences.

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Herold, A. Stadienadaptierte Therapie des Hämorrhoidalleidens. Chirurg 79, 418–429 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-008-1542-6

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