Skip to main content
Log in

Operatives Trauma und postoperative Immunsuppression

Surgical trauma and postoperative immunosuppression

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Chirurg Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Nach viszeralchirurgischen Eingriffen kommt es regelhaft zu einer über mehrere Tage andauernden Immundysfunktion. Tritt in diesem Zeitraum eine infektiöse Komplikation mit Sepsis auf, ist die Mortalität aufgrund der eingeschränkten Abwehrlage wesentlich erhöht. Aufgrund dieser Beobachtung ist eine Einteilung der Sepsis nach ihrer Entstehung möglich: die spontan erworbene Sepsis Typ A lässt sich unterscheiden von der postoperativ akquirierten Sepsis Typ B. Der Hauptunterschied der beiden Sepsisformen liegt in der Ausgangslage des Immunsystems. Messbar ist die postoperative Immundysfunktion anhand verschiedener Parameter wie z. B. Reduktion der Expression von HLA-DR auf Monozyten und erhöhte Apoptoserate der T-Lymphozyten. Das Ausmaß der Immundysfunktion korreliert insbesondere mit dem Umfang des abdominellen Eingriffs. Erstmals ist es nun gelungen, das Phänomen der postoperativen Immunveränderung an einem Tiermodell abzubilden. Anhand der intestinalen Manipulation bei der Maus ist es möglich, die Mechanismen und möglichen Ursachen der operativ induzierten Immundysfunktion zu untersuchen.

Abstract

Abdominal surgery is regularly followed by immune dysfunction that can last for several days. In case of septic complications during this period, there is imminent danger of mortality due to reduced immune function. This fact leads to classification of sepsis in regard to its genesis: spontaneously acquired sepsis type A is distinguishable from sepsis type B, which is acquired postoperatively. The main difference between these types is the immunologic condition at the time point of sepsis development. Postoperative immune dysfunction can be described by several parameters, i.e. reduction of HLA-DR expression on monocytes and increased apoptosis of T lymphocytes. A direct correlation exists between magnitude of immune dysfunction and complexity of the previous surgical trauma. For the first time it is now possible to study this phenomenon of postoperative immune dysfunction by use of an adequate animal model. Intestinal manipulation in mice fulfils the necessary criteria to serve as a model of surgically induced immune dysfunction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Abb. 1
Abb. 2
Abb. 3
Abb. 4

Literatur

  1. Angele MK, Chaudry IH (2005) Surgical trauma and immunosuppression: pathophysiology and potential immunomodulatory approaches. Langenbecks Arch Surg 390: 333–341

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Branagan G, Finnis D (2005) Prognosis after anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 48: 1021–1026

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Brune IB, Wilke W, Hensler T et al. (1998) Normal T lymphocyte and monocyte function after minimally invasive surgery. Surg Endosc 12: 1020–1024

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Brune IB, Wilke W, Hensler T et al. (1999) Downregulation of T helper type 1 immune response and altered pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory T cell cytokine balance following conventional but not laparoscopic surgery. Am J Surg 177: 55–60

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Chandra V, Nelson H, Larson DR, Harrington JR (2004) Impact of primary resection on the outcome of patients with perforated diverticulitis. Arch Surg 139: 1221–1224

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Echtenacher B, Weigl K, Lehn N, Mannel DN (2001) Tumor necrosis factor-dependent adhesions as a major protective mechanism early in septic peritonitis in mice. Infect Immun 69: 3550–3555

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Entleutner M, Traeger T, Westerholt A et al. (2006) Impact of interleukin-12, oxidative burst, and INOS on the survival of murine fecal peritonitis. Int J Colorectal Dis 21: 64–70

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Heidecke CD, Weighardt H, Hensler T et al. (2000) [Immune paralysis of T-lymphocytes and monocytes in postoperative abdominal sepsis. Correlation of immune function with survival]. Chirurg 71: 159–165

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hensler T, Hecker H, Heeg K et al. (1997) Distinct mechanisms of immunosuppression as a consequence of major surgery. Infect Immun 65: 2283–2291

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kalff JC, Schraut WH, Simmons RL, Bauer AJ (1998) Surgical manipulation of the gut elicits an intestinal muscularis inflammatory response resulting in postsurgical ileus. Ann Surg 228: 652–663

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Koscielny A, Boerner T, Wehner S et al. (2006) The role of dendritic cells in the gastrointestinal field effect. Transplant Proc 38: 1815–1817

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Maier S, Traeger T, Entleutner M et al. (2004) Cecal ligation and puncture versus colon ascendens stent peritonitis: two distinct animal models for polymicrobial sepsis. Shock 21: 505–511

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Maier S, Traeger T, Westerholt A, Heidecke CD (2005) [Special aspects of abdominal sepsis]. Chirurg 76: 829–836

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ordemann J, Jacobi CA, Schwenk W et al. (2001) Cellular and humoral inflammatory response after laparoscopic and conventional colorectal resections. Surg Endosc 15: 600–608

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Turler A, Kalff JC, Moore BA et al. (2006) Leukocyte-derived inducible nitric oxide synthase mediates murine postoperative ileus. Ann Surg 244: 220–229

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Wehner S, Behrendt FF, Lyutenski BN et al. (2006) Inhibition of macrophage function prevents intestinal inflammation and postoperative ileus in rodents. Gut 56: 176–185

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Xu YX, Wichmann MW, Ayala A et al. (1997) Trauma-hemorrhage induces increased thymic apoptosis while decreasing IL-3 release and increasing GM-CSF. J Surg Res 68: 24–30

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Zantl N, Uebe A, Neumann B et al. (1998) Essential role of gamma interferon in survival of colon ascendens stent peritonitis, a novel murine model of abdominal sepsis. Infect Immun 66: 2300–2309

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Danksagung

Diese Arbeit wurde unterstützt vom Graduiertenkolleg 840 der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG): „Wechselwirkungen zwischen Erreger und Wirt bei generalisierten bakteriellen Infektionen“ und BMBF/NBL3 Teilantrag DM 5-KINC-03.

Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C.-D. Heidecke.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Koerner, P., Westerholt, A., Kessler, W. et al. Operatives Trauma und postoperative Immunsuppression. Chirurg 79, 290–294 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-008-1465-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-008-1465-2

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation