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Die weltweite Ausbreitung von Bettwanzen stellt auch in Deutschland ein Problem dar

The worldwide expansion of bed bugs also constitutes a problem in Germany

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Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Weltweit mehren sich die Berichte über die Ausbreitung der Bettwanzen Cimex lectularius und C. hemipterus (in Australien). Unabhängig von den hygienischen Bedingungen sind die Insekten insbesondere in Hotels und Hostels sowie in anderen Ferienunterkünften, Gesundheitseinrichtungen, Transportmitteln und im Gebrauchtwarenhandel zu finden und breiten sich von dort in Privathaushalte aus. Ein Bettwanzenbefall kann durchaus gesundheitliche Auswirkungen haben und stellt für die Betroffenen eine starke Belastung dar. Bei der weltweiten Ausbreitung der Insekten scheint es sich um ein multifaktorielles Geschehen zu handeln, dessen Ursachen kontrovers diskutiert werden. Diese werden u. a. in einer Zunahme der internationalen Reisetätigkeit und des Gebrauchtwarenhandels gesucht. Eine entscheidende Rolle könnten die eingeschränkte Verfügbarkeit wirksamer Insektizide mit Langzeitwirkung und die Entwicklung von Resistenzen gegen die verfügbaren Wirkstoffe spielen. Mangels offizieller Daten ist eine Quantifizierung des Auftretens von Bettwanzen in Deutschland nicht möglich, aber Schädlingsbekämpfer und öffentliche Behörden berichten von zunehmenden Fallzahlen und Problemen bei der Bekämpfung. Letztere scheinen hier – wie auch in anderen Ländern – u. a. durch die Ausbildung von Wirkstoffresistenzen (insbesondere Pyrethroide) bedingt zu sein. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist die Prävention und damit die Aufklärung der Bevölkerung über die Lebensweise und Ausbreitungswege der Insekten von entscheidender Bedeutung, um ihrer Ausbreitung entgegenwirken zu können.

Abstract

Worldwide, reports of the spread of the bed bugs Cimex lectularius and C. hemipterus (in Australia) are increasing. Irrespective of hygiene conditions, the insects can be especially found in hotels and hostels as well as in other holiday accommodation, health facilities, transport and in the secondhand trade. From these localities the insects spread to private households. A bed bug infestation may well have health consequences and constitutes a heavy burden for those affected. The global spread of bed bugs appears to be multifactorially conditioned and the causes are controversially discussed. The spread could be explained, among other things, by the increase in international travel and trade in used goods. The limited availability of insecticides with long-term effects and the development of resistance to available agents could play a crucial role. In the absence of official data it is impossible to quantify the extent of the spread in Germany but pest controllers and public authorities report increasing numbers of cases and problems in control. As in other countries the latter appear to be caused among other things by the development of drug resistance (particularly pyrethroids). Against this background, prevention and thus the education of the public on the habits and dissemination routes of these insects remain crucial in order to counteract the spread of bed bugs.

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Notes

  1. In diesem Zusammenhang wird immer wieder der Einsatz von DDT diskutiert. Allerdings sind in Großbritannien schon vor der Einführung von DDT Rückgänge von 80 % bei Bettwanzenbefällen zu verzeichnen [1, 2], sodass hier andere Ursachen einen entscheidenden Einfluss gehabt haben müssen.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. C. Kuhn und A. Vander Pan geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Alle nationalen Richtlinien zur Haltung und zum Umgang mit Labortieren wurden eingehalten und die notwendigen Zustimmungen der zuständigen Behörden liegen vor.

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Kuhn, C., Vander Pan, A. Die weltweite Ausbreitung von Bettwanzen stellt auch in Deutschland ein Problem dar. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 57, 524–530 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-013-1922-z

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