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Preoperative ankle block for postoperative analgesia in foot surgery

Präoperativer Fuβblock für die postoperative Analgesie in der Fußchirurgie

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Abstract

Background

The use of a tourniquet and patients’ preference for general anesthesia (GA) limit performing ankle blocks (AB) as a sole anesthetic technique for orthopedic foot surgery. The aim of this prospective and randomized study was to test the hypothesis that administration of an AB before GA could be effective for postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing outpatient hallux valgus surgery. Primary outcome measure was mean pain score and secondary outcome measures were time to mobilization of patients, time to hospital discharge, and complications.

Methods

A total of 110 adult patients were randomly assigned into two groups: group GA (n = 55) and group GA + AB (n = 55). Group GA + AB received an AB using 100 mg lidocaine 2% and 75 mg bupivacaine 0.5% before the induction of GA. Pain intensity was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS).

Results

Mean VAS scores were higher and times to first rescue analgesic were shorter in group GA compared to group GA + AB (p = 0.001). More patients required rescue analgesic in group GA and pethidine consumption was higher (p = 0.001). Time to mobilization was shorter in GA + AB group (p = 0.001) but hospital discharge time was similar between groups (p = 0.269). The incidence of nausea and vomiting was higher in group GA (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Ankle block is an effective and simple technique for reducing postoperative pain and opioid consumption. It reduced the time to mobilization without a delay in hospital discharge. It is concluded that the routine administration of AB before GA may be an effective and simple method for pain relief after foot surgery.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Anwendung eines Tourniquets und der Wunsch des Patienten für die Vollnarkose („general anesthesia“, GA) begrenzen die Durchführung von Fuβblockaden („ankle block“, AB) als alleinige Anästhesietechnik in der orthopädischen Fußchirurgie. Das Ziel dieser prospektiven und randomisierten Studie war es, die Hypothese zu überprüfen, dass Fuβblockaden vor der Vollnarkose effektiv für die postoperative Schmerzlinderung nach der ambulanten Hallux–valgus-Operation sein können. Primärer Endpunkt war der mittlere Schmerzscore. Sekundäre Endpunkte waren der Zeitpunkt der Mobilisation der Patienten, der Zeitpunkt der Entlassung aus dem Krankenhaus und Komplikationen.

Methoden

Insgesamt 110 erwachsene Patienten wurden in 2 Gruppen randomisiert: Gruppe GA (n = 55) und Gruppe GA + AB (n = 55). Die Patienten in Gruppe GA + AB erhielten vor der Induktion der Vollnarkose einen Fuβblock mit Verwendung von 100 mg Lidocain 2 % und 75 mg Bupivacain 0,5 %. Die Schmerzintensität wurde unter Verwendung der visuellen Analogskala (VAS) ermittelt.

Ergebnisse

Die mittleren VAS-Werte waren höher und der Zeitpunkt der ersten Rettungs-Analgetikum kürzer in der Gruppe GA als in der Gruppe GA + AB (p = 0,001). Mehr Patienten benötigten Rescue-Analgesie in der Gruppe GA und der Verbrauch von Pethidin war höher (p = 0,001). Der mittlere Zeitpunkt der Mobilisation war kürzer in der Gruppe GA + AB (p = 0,001), aber der Zeitpunkt der Entlassung aus dem Krankenhaus war nicht statistisch signifikant zwischen den Gruppen (p = 0,269). Die Inzidenz von Übelkeit und Erbrechen lag in der Gruppe GA höher (p = 0,002).

Schlussfolgerung

Der Fuβblock ist eine wirksame Technik, um postoperative Schmerzen und den Opioidverbrauch zu reduzieren. Er verkürzte auch die Zeit bis zur Mobilisation des Patienten, ohne Verzögerung der Entlassung aus dem Krankenhaus. Es kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass die routinemäßige Durchführung des Fuβblocks vor GA effektiv und einfach zur Schmerzlinderung nach einem fußchirurgischen Eingriff beitragen kann.

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Correspondence to Mehmet Özgür Özhan M.D..

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M.Ö. Özhan, A. Tanrıöver, B. Atik, C. Özhan Çaparlar, B.M. Eşkin and A.M. Süzer declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical standards.

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants or on human tissue were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1975 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Özhan, M.Ö., Tanrıöver, A., Atik, B. et al. Preoperative ankle block for postoperative analgesia in foot surgery. Anaesthesist 69, 565–572 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-020-00754-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-020-00754-1

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