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Comparison of the topical haemostatic efficacy of nano-micro particles of clinoptilolite and kaolin in a rat model of haemorrhagic injury

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European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

An Erratum to this article was published on 11 July 2016

Abstract

Purpose

This study was designed to investigate if the potential haemostatic efficacy of gauze-impregnated clinoptilolite created with nano-technology is as strong as the widely used kaolin to control pulsatile arterial bleeding due to major vascular injury.

Methods

42 rats were separated into three groups of kaolin, clinoptilolite and control groups. The femoral artery was isolated and active arterial haemorrhage was performed. After 30 s of free arterial haemorrhage, compression was applied with a standard 100 g scale and haemostasis was assessed at the 1st, 3rd and 5th minutes. All groups were observed throughout 60 min for survival without any fluid resuscitation and the mean arterial pressure, pulse, body/surface temperature and arterial blood gas values were measured.

Results

In the control group, haemostasis did not develop in any of the 12 rats and the survival rate was 5/12 (41.66 %). In the kaolin group, haemostasis developed in seven rats and of these, bleeding reoccurred in four. The survival rate was 10/13 (76.92 %). In the clinoptilolite group, haemostasis developed in eight rats and bleeding recurred in only one. The survival rate was 100 %. In terms of survival, the clinoptilolite and kaolin groups showed superiority to the control group (p = 0.002, p = 0.082). In the evaluation of recurrent haemorrhaging in the rats with haemostasis, clinoptilolite was observed to provide better coagulation than kaolin.

Conclusion

A statistically significant difference was determined in clinoptilolite and kaolin group, when they are separately compared with the control group in respect of the effect on MAP, HCO3 −, lactate, base excess, haemostasis duration and survival rates. The effect of clinoptilolite on haemostasis and survival time was observed to be at least as good as that of kaolin; therefore, clinoptilolite can be used as an active ingredient in a topical haemostat.

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Conflict of interest

Aytekin Bayir, Mehmet Eryilmaz, Murat Demirbilek, Emir Baki Denkbas, Ibrahim Arziman and Murat Durusu declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Standards

Study approval was obtained from the Animal Research Ethics Committee of Gulhane Military Medical Academy.

All institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals were followed.

The authors have no proprietary interests in the materials mentioned in the study.

The authors comply with the Ethical guidelines for authorship and publishing in the European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Emergency Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Selimiye Mh, Tıbbiye Cd, Üsküdar, 34668, Istanbul, Turkey

    A. Bayır

  2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey

    M. Eryılmaz, I. Arzıman & M. Durusu

  3. Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, University of Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey

    M. Demirbilek & E. B. Denkbaş

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  1. A. Bayır
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Correspondence to A. Bayır.

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Bayır, A., Eryılmaz, M., Demirbilek, M. et al. Comparison of the topical haemostatic efficacy of nano-micro particles of clinoptilolite and kaolin in a rat model of haemorrhagic injury. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 42, 77–86 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-015-0506-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-015-0506-z

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