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Therapeutic and interventional endoscopy for gastrointestinal bleeding

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European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding remains a common clinical problem encountered by every emergency room and trauma physician. Endoscopy remains the main approach to the diagnosis and therapy of GI bleeding.

Objectives

To present the modern endoscopic approach for GI bleeding.

Methods

Narrative review based on our expertise and inclusion of classic articles dealing with interventional and therapeutic GI endoscopy.

Results

GI hemorrhage is now classified as upper, middle, and lower GI bleeding. Upper GI bleeding is defined as hemorrhage originating from the oropharynx to the ligament of Treitz (or papilla of Vater), middle GI bleeding occurs distal to the papilla of Vater to the terminal ileum, and lower GI bleeding is defined as bleeding distal to the ileocecal valve, including the entire colon and anorectum. Endoscopic methods used to diagnosed and treat GI bleeding include esophagogastroduodenoscopy, duodenoscopy, capsule endoscopy, double- and single-balloon enteroscopy, spiral enteroscopy, and colonosocopy.

Conclusions

This is the first review paper dedicated to endoscopic therapy for bleeding involving any part of the luminal GI tract (i.e., esophagus, stomach, small bowel, and colon). Modern endoscopy permits the investigation and treatment of the majority of conditions affecting the entire hollow GI tract.

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Acknowledgments

Ivan Jovanovic, MD, PhD, is a recipient of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) Cook Medical Don Wilson Award 2010. This work was performed during his award period with Prof. Klaus Mönkemüller at the Marienhospital, Bottrop, Germany.

Conflict of interest

None.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Marienhospital, Josef-Albers-Str. 70, 46236, Bottrop, Germany

    I. Jovanovic, K. Vormbrock & K. Mönkemüller

  2. Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    I. Jovanovic

  3. Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

    C. M. Wilcox & K. Mönkemüller

  4. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany

    K. Mönkemüller

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  1. I. Jovanovic
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  2. K. Vormbrock
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  4. K. Mönkemüller
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Correspondence to K. Mönkemüller.

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Jovanovic, I., Vormbrock, K., Wilcox, C.M. et al. Therapeutic and interventional endoscopy for gastrointestinal bleeding. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 37, 339–351 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-011-0125-2

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