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Lymphknoten am Ursprung der A. mesenterica inferior beim distalen kolorektalen Karzinom

Tumorbefall und Auswirkung einer hohen Ligatur auf die Anastomosenheilung

Apical lymph nodes at the root of the inferior mesenteric artery in distal colorectal cancer

Tumor involvement and the impact of high ligation on anastomotic integrity

  • Standorte
  • Published:
coloproctology Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Fragestellung und Hintergrund

Nach wie vor wird kontrovers diskutiert, welche Höhe einer Arterienligatur bei linksseitigen Kolon- und Rektumkarzinomen am besten ist. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Beurteilung von Notwendigkeit und Risiko einer hohen Ligatur aus onkologischer und technischer Perspektive.

Patienten und Methodik

Die Lymphknoten am Ursprung der inferioren Mesenterialarterie (IMA) wurden bei allen Patienten, die in unserem Department wegen eines distalen kolorektalen Karzinoms operiert wurden, als apikale Lymphknoten separat entnommen. Anzahl und Status der Lymphknoten wurden prospektiv untersucht und demographische sowie tumorbezogene Variablen als Risikofaktoren für einen apikalen Tumorbefall bewertet. Auch Anastomoseninsuffizienzen wurden untersucht.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt 103 Patienten [52 (50,5%) männlich, 60,3±12,9 Jahre alt] wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die Anzahl der gewonnenen nichtapikalen Lymphknoten betrug 14,5±7,1 mit zusätzlichen 4,4±3,2 apikalen Knoten an der Lokalisation der hohen Ligatur. Ein Tumorbefall der apikalen Lymphknoten wurde bei 6 (5,8%) Patienten beobachtet. Zwei davon (1,9%) hatten keine anderen positiven Lymphknoten („skip metastases“). Obwohl keine der untersuchten Variablen als signifikant für eine Vorhersage des positiven Befalls apikaler Knoten herausgefunden wurde, stellte man bei 8,5 bzw. 22,2% der Patienten mit pT3- und pN2-Karzinomen einen Tumorbefall fest. Von den Patienten mit einer Anastomose (n=84; 81,6%) hatten 7 (8,3%) eine Anastomoseninsuffizienz und bei 1 (1,2%) dieser Patienten war eine Notfallrelaparotomie notwendig. In Bezug auf die hohe Ligatur bestand keine Mortalität.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die hohe Ligatur der IMA kann bei Patienten mit distalen Kolorektalkarzinomen routinemäßig durchgeführt werden, weil der Tumorbefall apikaler Lymphknoten weder selten (>5%) noch vorhersagbar ist. Zudem können lymphknotennegative Metastasen auftreten. Zutreffend ist dies insbesondere im Fall einer fortgeschrittenen Erkrankung, bei welcher der Anteil an positiven Tumoren in den apikalen Lymphknoten am höchsten ist. Nach einer hohen Ligatur der IMA liegt die Rate der Anastomoseninsuffizienzen bei weniger als 10% und die Mortalität ist niedrig.

Abstract

Background

The level of arterial ligation best suited in left-sided colon cancer and rectal cancer remains controversial. This study aims to assess the need for and risk of high ligation from an oncological and technical perspective.

Methods

The lymph nodes at the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) were separated as apical nodes in all patients operated for distal colorectal cancer in our department. The number and status of the nodes were prospectively assessed, and demographic and tumor-related variables were evaluated as risk factors for apical tumor invasion. Anastomotic leaks were also evaluated.

Results

A total of 103 patients [52 (50.5%) males, aged 60.3±12.9 years] were included in the study. The number of nonapical lymph nodes harvested was 14.5±7.1 with an additional 4.4±3.2 apical nodes at the high ligation site. Tumor invasion of apical nodes was observed in 6 (5.8%) patients. Two of these (1.9%) had no other positive nodes (skip metastases). Although none of the variables evaluated was found significant for the prediction of apical node positivity, tumor invasion was detected in 8.5% and 22.2% of patients with pT3 and pN2 cancers, respectively. Among patients with an anastomosis (n=84, 81.6%), anastomotic leak was observed in seven (8.3%), while one (1.2%) of these patients required emergency relaparotomy. There was no mortality related to high ligation.

Conclusions

High ligation of IMA may be routinely performed in patients with distal colorectal cancer, since tumor invasion of apical lymph nodes is neither rare (>5%) nor predictable, and skip metastases may also occur. This is especially true in cases of advanced disease for which apical node positivity peaks. The anastomotic leak rate is less than 10%, and mortality is low after high ligation of IMA.

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Oncel, M. Lymphknoten am Ursprung der A. mesenterica inferior beim distalen kolorektalen Karzinom. coloproctology 32, 316–325 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00053-010-0144-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00053-010-0144-1

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