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Statistical Analysis of Intraplate Seismic Clusters: The Case of the NW Iberian Peninsula

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Abstract

The NW Iberian Peninsula is an intraplate region with significant seismicity, but it has rarely been studied. Despite the increase in seismicity during recent years, which has even forced changes to the building codes, a comprehensive statistical analysis of this seismicity has not been carried out. Thus, this study aims to characterize seismicity clusters on an intraplate region, based on comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The b value of the Gutenberg–Richter law is estimated and the Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence model is employed. Additionally, qualitative analysis is carried out using the Mogi classification, and the results of this work are compared with those of other statistical studies in the literature. We identify clustered seismic activity in the NW Iberian Peninsula, which is classified into 18 swarms and eight sequences. A high b value and low efficiency of aftershock generation are characteristic of the swarms. These parameters, along with the similarities to other regions, point to fluid migration as the swarm seismic source mechanism. Earthquakes of higher magnitude than swarms and a b value close to 1 define the sequences of this region. The statistical results in sequences (high k, c, and p values) and the similarity to other regions would indicate a mix of tectonic origin and aseismic processes (such as fluid migration or slow slip events) as the driving force of seismic sequences. The presence of crustal fluids associated with fault activity in the NW Iberian Peninsula also supports the hypothesis of fluid migration as the source of seismic events.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER Funds of the European Union [project CGL2015-70970-P] and the Community of Madrid and Funds of European Union [Grant award by PEJD-2017-PRE/AMB-3472]. The authors are grateful to Dr. Pouye Yazdi (Technical University of Madrid) and Dr. Sebastian Hainzl for their advice and technical support. Also, we are grateful to the three anonymous reviewers whose constructive suggestions helped to meaningfully improve this paper.

Funding

The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER Funds of the European Union [project CGL2015-70970-P] and the Community of Madrid and Funds of the European Union [Grant award by PEJD-2017-PRE/AMB-3472].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), ESCET Área de Geología, C/Tulipán S/N, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain

    Cristina Crespo Martín & Fidel Martín-González

Authors
  1. Cristina Crespo Martín
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  2. Fidel Martín-González
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Contributions

CCM collected and adapted the data, performed the statistical analysis, and wrote the paper. FM-G designed the research, supervised, corrected, and also wrote the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cristina Crespo Martín.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Data Availability

Data sets related to this article can be found at https://doi.org/10.17632/5cbc9y5xz8.1, hosted at Mendeley Data (Crespo-Martín & Martín-González, 2019).

Code Availability

For the declustering of the catalogue and Gutenberg–Richter estimations, we applied the ZMAP tool described by Wiemer, 2001. We calculated the ETAS with the SEDAv1.0 algorithm developed by Dr. Lombardi (b; Lombardi, 2015, 2017a) (see Reference section).

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Crespo Martín, C., Martín-González, F. Statistical Analysis of Intraplate Seismic Clusters: The Case of the NW Iberian Peninsula. Pure Appl. Geophys. 178, 3355–3374 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-021-02834-8

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