Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Transient receptor potential canonical channels in angiogenesis and axon guidance

  • Review
  • Published:
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Wiring of vascular and neural networks requires precise guidance of growing blood vessels and axons, respectively, to reach their targets during development. Both of the processes share common molecular signaling pathways. Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are calcium-permeable cation channels and gated via receptor- or store-operated mechanisms. Recent studies have revealed the requirement of TRPC channels in mediating guidance cue-induced calcium influx and their essential roles in regulating axon navigation and angiogenesis. Dissecting TRPC functions in these physiological processes may provide therapeutic implications for suppressing pathological angiogenesis and improving nerve regeneration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

BMP7:

Bone morphogen protein 7

CRAC:

Calcium release-activated calcium

DAG:

Diacylglycerol

ERK1/2:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2

FKBP:

FK506-binding protein

GPCR:

G-protein-coupled receptor

IP3:

Inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate

MAG:

Myelin-associated glycoprotein

PIP2:

Phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate

PLC:

Phospholipase C

ROCE:

Receptor-operated calcium entry

RTK:

Receptor tyrosine kinase

SOCE:

Store-operated calcium entry

STIM:

Stromal interaction molecule

TRP:

Transient receptor potential

TRPC:

Transient receptor potential canonical

VDCC:

Voltage-dependent calcium channel

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

References

  1. Risau W (1997) Mechanisms of angiogenesis. Nature 386:671–674

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Carmeliet P, Tessier-Lavigne M (2005) Common mechanisms of nerve and blood vessel wiring. Nature 436:193–200

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Larrivee B, Freitas C, Suchting S, Brunet I, Eichmann A (2009) Guidance of vascular development: lessons from the nervous system. Circ Res 104:428–441

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Carmeliet P (2003) Blood vessels and nerves: common signals, pathways and diseases. Nat Rev Genet 4:710–720

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Tessier-Lavigne M, Goodman CS (1996) The molecular biology of axon guidance. Science 274:1123–1133

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Song HJ, Poo MM (1999) Signal transduction underlying growth cone guidance by diffusible factors. Curr Opin Neurobiol 9:355–363

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Eichmann A, Le Noble F, Autiero M, Carmeliet P (2005) Guidance of vascular and neural network formation. Curr Opin Neurobiol 15:108–115

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Weinstein BM (2005) Vessels and nerves: marching to the same tune. Cell 120:299–302

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Adams RH, Alitalo K (2007) Molecular regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8:464–478

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Zacchigna S, Ruiz de Almodovar C, Carmeliet P (2008) Similarities between angiogenesis and neural development: what small animal models can tell us. Curr Top Dev Biol 80:1–55

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Ramsey IS, Delling M, Clapham DE (2006) An introduction to TRP channels. Annu Rev Physiol 68:619–647

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Venkatachalam K, Montell C (2007) TRP channels. Annu Rev Biochem 76:387–417

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Montell C, Jones K, Hafen E, Rubin G (1985) Rescue of the Drosophila phototransduction mutation trp by germline transformation. Science 230:1040–1043

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Montell C (2005) The TRP superfamily of cation channels. Sci STKE 2005: re3

  15. Owsianik G, Talavera K, Voets T, Nilius B (2006) Permeation and selectivity of TRP channels. Annu Rev Physiol 68:685–717

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Clapham DE (2003) TRP channels as cellular sensors. Nature 426:517–524

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kwan HY, Huang Y, Yao X (2007) TRP channels in endothelial function and dysfunction. Biochim Biophys Acta 1772:907–914

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Caterina MJ, Schumacher MA, Tominaga M, Rosen TA, Levine JD, Julius D (1997) The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature 389:816–824

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Caterina MJ, Leffler A, Malmberg AB, Martin WJ, Trafton J, Petersen-Zeitz KR, Koltzenburg M, Basbaum AI, Julius D (2000) Impaired nociception and pain sensation in mice lacking the capsaicin receptor. Science 288:306–313

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Sidi S, Friedrich RW, Nicolson T (2003) NompC TRP channel required for vertebrate sensory hair cell mechanotransduction. Science 301:96–99

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Wes PD, Chevesich J, Jeromin A, Rosenberg C, Stetten G, Montell C (1995) TRPC1, a human homolog of a Drosophila store-operated channel. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:9652–9656

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Zhu X, Chu PB, Peyton M, Birnbaumer L (1995) Molecular cloning of a widely expressed human homologue for the Drosophila trp gene. FEBS Lett 373:193–198

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhu X, Jiang M, Peyton M, Boulay G, Hurst R, Stefani E, Birnbaumer L (1996) Trp, a novel mammalian gene family essential for agonist-activated capacitative Ca2+ entry. Cell 85:661–671

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Montell C, Birnbaumer L, Flockerzi V, Bindels RJ, Bruford EA, Caterina MJ, Clapham DE, Harteneck C, Heller S, Julius D, Kojima I, Mori Y, Penner R, Prawitt D, Scharenberg AM, Schultz G, Shimizu N, Zhu MX (2002) A unified nomenclature for the superfamily of TRP cation channels. Mol Cell 9:229–231

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Clapham DE, Montell C, Schultz G, Julius D (2003) International Union of Pharmacology. XLIII. Compendium of voltage-gated ion channels: transient receptor potential channels. Pharmacol Rev 55:591–596

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Montell C, Birnbaumer L, Flockerzi V (2002) The TRP channels, a remarkably functional family. Cell 108:595–598

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Vazquez G, Wedel BJ, Aziz O, Trebak M, Putney JW Jr (2004) The mammalian TRPC cation channels. Biochim Biophys Acta 1742:21–36

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Strubing C, Krapivinsky G, Krapivinsky L, Clapham DE (2001) TRPC1 and TRPC5 form a novel cation channel in mammalian brain. Neuron 29:645–655

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Abramowitz J, Birnbaumer L (2009) Physiology and pathophysiology of canonical transient receptor potential channels. Faseb J 23:297–328

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Birnbaumer L (2009) The TRPC class of ion channels: a critical review of their roles in slow, sustained increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 49:395–426

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J (2010) Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases. Cell 141:1117–1134

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ritter SL, Hall RA (2009) Fine-tuning of GPCR activity by receptor-interacting proteins. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 10:819–830

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Parekh AB, Putney JW Jr (2005) Store-operated calcium channels. Physiol Rev 85:757–810

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hoth M, Penner R (1992) Depletion of intracellular calcium stores activates a calcium current in mast cells. Nature 355:353–356

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Zweifach A, Lewis RS (1993) Mitogen-regulated Ca2+ current of T lymphocytes is activated by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:6295–6299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Liou J, Kim ML, Heo WD, Jones JT, Myers JW, Ferrell JE Jr, Meyer T (2005) STIM is a Ca2+ sensor essential for Ca2+-store-depletion-triggered Ca2+ influx. Curr Biol 15:1235–1241

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Roos J, DiGregorio PJ, Yeromin AV, Ohlsen K, Lioudyno M, Zhang S, Safrina O, Kozak JA, Wagner SL, Cahalan MD, Velicelebi G, Stauderman KA (2005) STIM1, an essential and conserved component of store-operated Ca2+ channel function. J Cell Biol 169:435–445

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Feske S, Gwack Y, Prakriya M, Srikanth S, Puppel SH, Tanasa B, Hogan PG, Lewis RS, Daly M, Rao A (2006) A mutation in Orai1 causes immune deficiency by abrogating CRAC channel function. Nature 441:179–185

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Vig M, Peinelt C, Beck A, Koomoa DL, Rabah D, Koblan-Huberson M, Kraft S, Turner H, Fleig A, Penner R, Kinet JP (2006) CRACM1 is a plasma membrane protein essential for store-operated Ca2+ entry. Science 312:1220–1223

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Zhang SL, Yeromin AV, Zhang XH, Yu Y, Safrina O, Penna A, Roos J, Stauderman KA, Cahalan MD (2006) Genome-wide RNAi screen of Ca(2+) influx identifies genes that regulate Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) channel activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:9357–9362

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Cahalan MD (2009) STIMulating store-operated Ca(2 +) entry. Nat Cell Biol 11:669–677

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Song H, Poo M (2001) The cell biology of neuronal navigation. Nat Cell Biol 3:E81–E88

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Henley J, Poo MM (2004) Guiding neuronal growth cones using Ca2+ signals. Trends Cell Biol 14:320–330

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Gomez TM, Zheng JQ (2006) The molecular basis for calcium-dependent axon pathfinding. Nat Rev Neurosci 7:115–125

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Zheng JQ, Poo MM (2007) Calcium signaling in neuronal motility. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 23:375–404

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Hong K, Nishiyama M, Henley J, Tessier-Lavigne M, Poo M (2000) Calcium signalling in the guidance of nerve growth by netrin-1. Nature 403:93–98

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Ming GL, Wong ST, Henley J, Yuan XB, Song HJ, Spitzer NC, Poo MM (2002) Adaptation in the chemotactic guidance of nerve growth cones. Nature 417:411–418

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Henley JR, Huang KH, Wang D, Poo MM (2004) Calcium mediates bidirectional growth cone turning induced by myelin-associated glycoprotein. Neuron 44:909–916

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Zheng JQ (2000) Turning of nerve growth cones induced by localized increases in intracellular calcium ions. Nature 403:89–93

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Wen Z, Guirland C, Ming GL, Zheng JQ (2004) A CaMKII/calcineurin switch controls the direction of Ca(2+)-dependent growth cone guidance. Neuron 43:835–846

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Nishiyama M, Hoshino A, Tsai L, Henley JR, Goshima Y, Tessier-Lavigne M, Poo MM, Hong K (2003) Cyclic AMP/GMP-dependent modulation of Ca2+ channels sets the polarity of nerve growth-cone turning. Nature 423:990–995

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Wang GX, Poo MM (2005) Requirement of TRPC channels in netrin-1-induced chemotropic turning of nerve growth cones. Nature 434:898–904

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Shim S, Goh EL, Ge S, Sailor K, Yuan JP, Roderick HL, Bootman MD, Worley PF, Song H, Ming GL (2005) XTRPC1-dependent chemotropic guidance of neuronal growth cones. Nat Neurosci 8:730–735

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Wen Z, Han L, Bamburg JR, Shim S, Ming GL, Zheng JQ (2007) BMP gradients steer nerve growth cones by a balancing act of LIM kinase and Slingshot phosphatase on ADF/cofilin. J Cell Biol 178:107–119

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Gomez T (2005) Neurobiology: channels for pathfinding. Nature 434:835–838

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Li Y, Jia YC, Cui K, Li N, Zheng ZY, Wang YZ, Yuan XB (2005) Essential role of TRPC channels in the guidance of nerve growth cones by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Nature 434:894–898

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Li HS, Xu XZ, Montell C (1999) Activation of a TRPC3-dependent cation current through the neurotrophin BDNF. Neuron 24:261–273

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Shim S, Yuan JP, Kim JY, Zeng W, Huang G, Milshteyn A, Kern D, Muallem S, Ming GL, Worley PF (2009) Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase FKBP52 controls chemotropic guidance of neuronal growth cones via regulation of TRPC1 channel opening. Neuron 64:471–483

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Graef IA, Wang F, Charron F, Chen L, Neilson J, Tessier-Lavigne M, Crabtree GR (2003) Neurotrophins and netrins require calcineurin/NFAT signaling to stimulate outgrowth of embryonic axons. Cell 113:657–670

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Greka A, Navarro B, Oancea E, Duggan A, Clapham DE (2003) TRPC5 is a regulator of hippocampal neurite length and growth cone morphology. Nat Neurosci 6:837–845

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Bezzerides VJ, Ramsey IS, Kotecha S, Greka A, Clapham DE (2004) Rapid vesicular translocation and insertion of TRP channels. Nat Cell Biol 6:709–720

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Davare MA, Fortin DA, Saneyoshi T, Nygaard S, Kaech S, Banker G, Soderling TR, Wayman GA (2009) Transient receptor potential canonical 5 channels activate Ca2+/calmodulin kinase Igamma to promote axon formation in hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci 29:9794–9808

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Wu D, Huang W, Richardson PM, Priestley JV, Liu M (2008) TRPC4 in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons is increased after nerve injury and is necessary for neurite outgrowth. J Biol Chem 283:416–426

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Patton AM, Kassis J, Doong H, Kohn EC (2003) Calcium as a molecular target in angiogenesis. Curr Pharm Des 9:543–551

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Munaron L (2006) Intracellular calcium, endothelial cells and angiogenesis. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 1:105–119

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Kohn EC, Alessandro R, Spoonster J, Wersto RP, Liotta LA (1995) Angiogenesis: role of calcium-mediated signal transduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:1307–1311

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Nilius B, Droogmans G (2001) Ion channels and their functional role in vascular endothelium. Physiol Rev 81:1415–1459

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Yao X, Garland CJ (2005) Recent developments in vascular endothelial cell transient receptor potential channels. Circ Res 97:853–863

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Yao X (2007) TRPC, cGMP-dependent protein kinases and cytosolic Ca2+. Handb Exp Pharmacol 179:527–540

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Kohler R, Brakemeier S, Kuhn M, Degenhardt C, Buhr H, Pries A, Hoyer J (2001) Expression of ryanodine receptor type 3 and TRP channels in endothelial cells: comparison of in situ and cultured human endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Res 51:160–168

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Yip H, Chan WY, Leung PC, Kwan HY, Liu C, Huang Y, Michel V, Yew DT, Yao X (2004) Expression of TRPC homologs in endothelial cells and smooth muscle layers of human arteries. Histochem Cell Biol 122:553–561

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Di A, Malik AB (2010) TRP channels and the control of vascular function. Curr Opin Pharmacol 10:127–132

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Wong CO, Yao X (2011) TRP channels in vascular endothelial cells. Adv Exp Med Biol 704:759–780

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Brough GH, Wu S, Cioffi D, Moore TM, Li M, Dean N, Stevens T (2001) Contribution of endogenously expressed Trp1 to a Ca2+ -selective, store-operated Ca2+ entry pathway. Faseb J 15:1727–1738

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Ahmmed GU, Mehta D, Vogel S, Holinstat M, Paria BC, Tiruppathi C, Malik AB (2004) Protein kinase Calpha phosphorylates the TRPC1 channel and regulates store-operated Ca2+ entry in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 279:20941–20949

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Mehta D, Ahmmed GU, Paria BC, Holinstat M, Voyno-Yasenetskaya T, Tiruppathi C, Minshall RD, Malik AB (2003) RhoA interaction with inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor and transient receptor potential channel-1 regulates Ca2+ entry. Role in signaling increased endothelial permeability. J Biol Chem 278:33492–33500

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Paria BC, Vogel SM, Ahmmed GU, Alamgir S, Shroff J, Malik AB, Tiruppathi C (2004) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced TRPC1 expression amplifies store-operated Ca2+ influx and endothelial permeability. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 287:L1303–L1313

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Freichel M, Suh SH, Pfeifer A, Schweig U, Trost C, Weissgerber P, Biel M, Philipp S, Freise D, Droogmans G, Hofmann F, Flockerzi V, Nilius B (2001) Lack of an endothelial store-operated Ca2+ current impairs agonist-dependent vasorelaxation in TRP4−/− mice. Nat Cell Biol 3:121–127

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Tiruppathi C, Freichel M, Vogel SM, Paria BC, Mehta D, Flockerzi V, Malik AB (2002) Impairment of store-operated Ca2+ entry in TRPC4(−/−) mice interferes with increase in lung microvascular permeability. Circ Res 91:70–76

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Abdullaev IF, Bisaillon JM, Potier M, Gonzalez JC, Motiani RK, Trebak M (2008) Stim1 and Orai1 mediate CRAC currents and store-operated calcium entry important for endothelial cell proliferation. Circ Res 103:1289–1299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Weinstein B (2002) Vascular cell biology in vivo: a new piscine paradigm? Trends Cell Biol 12:439–445

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Beis D, Stainier DY (2006) In vivo cell biology: following the zebrafish trend. Trends Cell Biol 16:105–112

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Yu PC, Gu SY, Bu JW, Du JL (2010) TRPC1 is essential for in vivo angiogenesis in zebrafish. Circ Res 106:1221–1232

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Olsson AK, Dimberg A, Kreuger J, Claesson-Welsh L (2006) VEGF receptor signalling - in control of vascular function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7:359–371

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Jho D, Mehta D, Ahmmed G, Gao XP, Tiruppathi C, Broman M, Malik AB (2005) Angiopoietin-1 opposes VEGF-induced increase in endothelial permeability by inhibiting TRPC1-dependent Ca2 influx. Circ Res 96:1282–1290

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Hamdollah Zadeh MA, Glass CA, Magnussen A, Hancox JC, Bates DO (2008) VEGF-mediated elevated intracellular calcium and angiogenesis in human microvascular endothelial cells in vitro are inhibited by dominant negative TRPC6. Microcirculation 15:605–614

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Ge R, Tai Y, Sun Y, Zhou K, Yang S, Cheng T, Zou Q, Shen F, Wang Y (2009) Critical role of TRPC6 channels in VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. Cancer Lett 283:43–51

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Veliceasa D, Ivanovic M, Hoepfner FT, Thumbikat P, Volpert OV, Smith ND (2007) Transient potential receptor channel 4 controls thrombospondin-1 secretion and angiogenesis in renal cell carcinoma. FEBS J 274:6365–6377

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Chigurupati S, Venkataraman R, Barrera D, Naganathan A, Madan M, Paul L, Pattisapu JV, Kyriazis GA, Sugaya K, Bushnev S, Lathia JD, Rich JN, Chan SL (2010) Receptor channel TRPC6 is a key mediator of Notch-driven glioblastoma growth and invasiveness. Cancer Res 70:418–427

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China ((2011CBA00400, 2006CB806605), the State Key Research Program of China (2006CB943802), Shanghai government (06dj14010, 07pj14107) and the Hundred Talents Program from Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue–Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China

    Peng-chun Yu & Jiu-lin Du

Authors
  1. Peng-chun Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jiu-lin Du
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Peng-chun Yu or Jiu-lin Du.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yu, Pc., Du, Jl. Transient receptor potential canonical channels in angiogenesis and axon guidance. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 68, 3815–3821 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-011-0755-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-011-0755-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation