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Modulation of connexin signaling by bacterial pathogens and their toxins

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Abstract

Inherent to their pivotal tasks in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, gap junctions, connexin hemichannels, and pannexin hemichannels are frequently involved in the dysregulation of this critical balance. The present paper specifically focuses on their roles in bacterial infection and disease. In particular, the reported biological outcome of clinically important bacteria including Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Yersinia enterocolitica, Helicobacter pylori, Bordetella pertussis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter rodentium, Clostridium species, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus and their toxic products on connexin- and pannexin-related signaling in host cells is reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the underlying molecular mechanisms of these effects as well as to the actual biological relevance of these findings.

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Abbreviations

ADP:

Adenosine diphosphate

A/E:

Attaching and effacing

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

CagA:

Cytotoxin-associated antigen A

cAMP:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

(CA-) MRSA:

(Community-associated) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

CL:

Cytoplasmic loop

CNF1:

Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1

CT:

Cytoplasmic carboxy tail

Cx:

Connexin

DAEC:

Diffusely adherent Escherichia coli

DNT:

Dermonecrotic toxin

EAEC:

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli

EHEC:

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

EIEC:

Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli

EL:

Extracellular loop

EPEC:

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

ERK1/2:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2

ETEC:

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

GJIC:

Gap junctional intercellular communication

GTPase(s):

Guanosine triphosphate hydrolyzing enzyme(s)

HC:

Hemichannel

IFN:

Interferon

IL:

Interleukin

ITX:

Iota toxin

LJP:

Localized juvenile periodontitis

LPS(s):

Lipopolysaccharide(s)

MALT:

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MRSA:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

NO:

Nitric oxide

NT:

Cytoplasmic amino tail

OMP(s):

Outer membrane protein(s)

Panx:

Pannexin

PKA:

Protein kinase A

PLC:

Phospholipase C

PTX:

Pertussin toxin

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TM:

Membrane-spanning domain

ZO-1:

Zonula occludens 1

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by grants of the Research Council of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (OZR-VUB), the Industrial Research Funds (IOF), the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen) and the European Union (FP6 project carcinoGENOMICS and FP7/Colipa projects DETECTIVE and HeMiBio).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium

    Liesbeth Ceelen, Tamara Vanhaecke, Vera Rogiers & Mathieu Vinken

  2. Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium

    Freddy Haesebrouck

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  1. Liesbeth Ceelen
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Correspondence to Liesbeth Ceelen.

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Mathieu Vinken is a postdoctoral research fellow of the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen), Belgium.

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Ceelen, L., Haesebrouck, F., Vanhaecke, T. et al. Modulation of connexin signaling by bacterial pathogens and their toxins. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 68, 3047–3064 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-011-0737-z

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