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The persistence of T cell memory

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Abstract

T cell memory is a crucial feature of the adaptive immune system in the defense against pathogens. During the last years, numerous studies have focused their efforts on uncovering the signals, inflammatory cues, and extracellular factors that support memory differentiation. This research is beginning to decipher the complex gene network that controls memory programming. However, how the different signals, that a T cell receives during the process of differentiation, interplay to trigger memory programming is still poorly defined. In this review, we focus on the most recent advances in the field and discuss how T cell receptor signaling and inflammation control CD8 memory differentiation.

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Abbreviations

APC:

Antigen presenting cell

Bcl- or BCL:

B-cell lymphoma/leukemia

Blimp-1:

Transcriptional repressor B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1

BTLA:

B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator

DC:

Dendritic cell

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases

GABPα:

GA-binding protein α

Gfi-1:

Growth factor independence 1

GSK3:

Glycogen synthase kinase 3

HP:

Homeostatic proliferation

Id2:

DNA-binding protein inhibitor 2

IFN:

Interferon

IKK:

IκB kinase

IL-:

Interleukin

ITAM:

Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif

JAK:

Janus protein tyrosine kinase

JNK:

c-Jun N-terminal kinase

KLRG1:

Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1

L.m.:

Listeria monocytogenes

LAT:

Linker for activation of T cells

Lck:

Leukocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase

LCMV:

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

LKLF:

Lung Krüppel-like factor

MALT-1:

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

Mcl-1:

Myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1

MEKK:

Mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

MPECs:

Memory precursor effector cells

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

NF-AT:

Nuclear factor of activated T cells

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

NIK:

NF-κB-inducing kinase

NK cells:

Natural killer cells

p-MHC:

Peptide-MHC complex

PI3K:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase

PKCθ:

Protein kinase C θ

Rsk:

Ribosomal s6 kinase

SLECs:

Short-lived effector cells

SLP-76:

SH2 domain containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa

Spi-2A:

Serine protease inhibitor 2A

STAT:

Signal transducers and activator of transcription

TAK-1:

TGF-beta activated kinase 1

TCF-1:

T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor 1

TCM :

Central memory T cell

TCR:

T cell receptor

TEM :

Effector memory T cell

TH :

T helper cell

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor

TNFR:

Tumor necrosis factor receptor

TRAF-6:

TNF receptor-associated factor-6

XBP-1:

X-box-binding protein 1

ZAP-70:

Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the University of Missouri Mission Enhancement Fund for supporting our work. We thank Karin Knudson, Cody Cunningham, and William Olson for interesting discussions and Dr. Ed Palmer for his support. We apologize to all authors we could not cite because of space restrictions.

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  1. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Center for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Missouri, M616 Medical Sciences Bldg., One Hospital Dr., Columbia, MO, 65212, USA

    Mark A. Daniels & Emma Teixeiro

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Correspondence to Emma Teixeiro.

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Daniels, M.A., Teixeiro, E. The persistence of T cell memory. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 67, 2863–2878 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-010-0362-2

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