Abstract
We study discovery prospects for a real triplet extension of the Standard Model scalar sector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and a possible future 100 TeV pp collider. We focus on the scenario in which the neutral triplet scalar is stable and contributes to the dark matter relic density. When produced in pp collisions, the charged triplet scalar decays to the neutral component plus a soft pion or soft lepton pair, yielding a disappearing charged track in the detector. We recast current 13 TeV LHC searches for disappearing tracks, and find that the LHC presently excludes a real triplet scalar lighter than 248 (275) GeV, for a mass splitting of 172 (160) MeV with ℒ = 36 fb−1. The reach can extend to 497 (520) GeV with the collection of 3000 fb−1. We extrapolate the 13 TeV analysis to a prospective 100 TeV pp collider, and find that a ∼ 3 TeV triplet scalar could be discoverable with ℒ = 30 ab−1, depending on the degree to which pile up effects are under control. We also investigate the dark matter candidate in our model and corresponding present and prospective constraints from dark matter direct detection. We find that currently XENON1T can exclude a real triplet dark matter lighter than ∼ 3 TeV for a Higgs portal coupling of order one or larger, and the future XENON20T will cover almost the entire dark matter viable parameter space except for vanishingly small portal coupling.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Find the latest articles, discoveries, and news in related topics.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
F. Zwicky, Die Rotverschiebung von extragalaktischen Nebeln, Helv. Phys. Acta 6 (1933) 110 [Gen. Rel. Grav. 41 (2009) 207] (English translation) [INSPIRE].
G. Bertone, D. Hooper and J. Silk, Particle dark matter: Evidence, candidates and constraints, Phys. Rept. 405 (2005) 279 [hep-ph/0404175] [INSPIRE].
M. Battaglieri et al., U.S. Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in Dark Matter 2017: Community Report, in proceedings of the U.S. Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in Dark Matter, College Park, MD, U.S.A., 23–25 March 2017, arXiv:1707.04591 [INSPIRE].
Planck collaboration, Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters, Astron. Astrophys. 641 (2020) A6 [arXiv:1807.06209] [INSPIRE].
M. Cirelli, N. Fornengo and A. Strumia, Minimal dark matter, Nucl. Phys. B 753 (2006) 178 [hep-ph/0512090] [INSPIRE].
P.B. Pal, Cold dark matter in the doublet-triplet model, Phys. Lett. B 205 (1988) 65 [INSPIRE].
P. Fileviez Perez, H.H. Patel, M.J. Ramsey-Musolf and K. Wang, Triplet Scalars and Dark Matter at the LHC, Phys. Rev. D 79 (2009) 055024 [arXiv:0811.3957] [INSPIRE].
T. Hambye, F.S. Ling, L. Lopez Honorez and J. Rocher, Scalar Multiplet Dark Matter, JHEP 07 (2009) 090 [Erratum JHEP 05 (2010) 066] [arXiv:0903.4010] [INSPIRE].
O. Fischer and J.J. van der Bij, The scalar Singlet-Triplet Dark Matter Model, JCAP 01 (2014) 032 [arXiv:1311.1077] [INSPIRE].
F.-X. Josse-Michaux and E. Molinaro, Triplet scalar dark matter and leptogenesis in an inverse seesaw model of neutrino mass generation, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 036007 [arXiv:1210.7202] [INSPIRE].
T. Basak and S. Mohanty, Triplet-Singlet Extension of the MSSM with a 125 GeV Higgs and Dark Matter, Phys. Rev. D 86 (2012) 075031 [arXiv:1204.6592] [INSPIRE].
T. Araki, C.Q. Geng and K.I. Nagao, Dark Matter in Inert Triplet Models, Phys. Rev. D 83 (2011) 075014 [arXiv:1102.4906] [INSPIRE].
S.S. AbdusSalam and T.A. Chowdhury, Scalar Representations in the Light of Electroweak Phase Transition and Cold Dark Matter Phenomenology, JCAP 05 (2014) 026 [arXiv:1310.8152] [INSPIRE].
W.-B. Lu and P.-H. Gu, Mixed Inert Scalar Triplet Dark Matter, Radiative Neutrino Masses and Leptogenesis, Nucl. Phys. B 924 (2017) 279 [arXiv:1611.02106] [INSPIRE].
W. Chao, G.-J. Ding, X.-G. He and M.J. Ramsey-Musolf, Scalar Electroweak Multiplet Dark Matter, JHEP 08 (2019) 058 [arXiv:1812.07829] [INSPIRE].
T. Abe, R. Kitano and R. Sato, Discrimination of dark matter models in future experiments, Phys. Rev. D 91 (2015) 095004 [Erratum ibid. 96 (2017) 019902] [arXiv:1411.1335] [INSPIRE].
M. Cirelli, F. Sala and M. Taoso, Wino-like Minimal Dark Matter and future colliders, JHEP 10 (2014) 033 [Erratum JHEP 01 (2015) 041] [arXiv:1407.7058] [INSPIRE].
K. Harigaya, K. Ichikawa, A. Kundu, S. Matsumoto and S. Shirai, Indirect Probe of Electroweak-Interacting Particles at Future Lepton Colliders, JHEP 09 (2015) 105 [arXiv:1504.03402] [INSPIRE].
S. Matsumoto, S. Shirai and M. Takeuchi, Indirect Probe of Electroweakly Interacting Particles at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, JHEP 06 (2018) 049 [arXiv:1711.05449] [INSPIRE].
M. Cirelli and A. Strumia, Minimal Dark Matter: Model and results, New J. Phys. 11 (2009) 105005 [arXiv:0903.3381] [INSPIRE].
Q.-H. Cao, T. Gong, K.-P. Xie and Z. Zhang, Measuring Relic Abundance of Minimal Dark Matter at Hadron Colliders, Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 62 (2019) 981011 [arXiv:1810.07658] [INSPIRE].
L. Di Luzio, R. Gröber and G. Panico, Probing new electroweak states via precision measurements at the LHC and future colliders, JHEP 01 (2019) 011 [arXiv:1810.10993] [INSPIRE].
C.-K. Chua and R.-C. Hsieh, Study of Dirac fermionic dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 88 (2013) 036011 [arXiv:1305.7008] [INSPIRE].
K. Kadota and A. Spray, Electroweak Multiplet Dark Matter at Future Lepton Colliders, JHEP 02 (2019) 017 [arXiv:1811.00560] [INSPIRE].
M. Cirelli, T. Hambye, P. Panci, F. Sala and M. Taoso, Gamma ray tests of Minimal Dark Matter, JCAP 10 (2015) 026 [arXiv:1507.05519] [INSPIRE].
C. Cai, Z.-H. Yu and H.-H. Zhang, CEPC Precision of Electroweak Oblique Parameters and Weakly Interacting Dark Matter: the Scalar Case, Nucl. Phys. B 924 (2017) 128 [arXiv:1705.07921] [INSPIRE].
C. Cai, Z.-M. Huang, Z. Kang, Z.-H. Yu and H.-H. Zhang, Perturbativity Limits for Scalar Minimal Dark Matter with Yukawa Interactions: Septuplet, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 115004 [arXiv:1510.01559] [INSPIRE].
Q.-F. Xiang, X.-J. Bi, P.-F. Yin and Z.-H. Yu, Exploring Fermionic Dark Matter via Higgs Boson Precision Measurements at the Circular Electron Positron Collider, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 055004 [arXiv:1707.03094] [INSPIRE].
S. Chigusa, Y. Ema and T. Moroi, Probing electroweakly interacting massive particles with Drell-Yan process at 100 TeV hadron colliders, Phys. Lett. B 789 (2019) 106 [arXiv:1810.07349] [INSPIRE].
S. Matsumoto, S. Shirai and M. Takeuchi, Indirect Probe of Electroweak-Interacting Particles with Mono-Lepton Signatures at Hadron Colliders, JHEP 03 (2019) 076 [arXiv:1810.12234] [INSPIRE].
W. Kuramoto, T. Kuwahara and R. Nagai, Renormalization Effects on Electric Dipole Moments in Electroweakly Interacting Massive Particle Models, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 095024 [arXiv:1902.05360] [INSPIRE].
T. Abe, S. Chigusa, Y. Ema and T. Moroi, Indirect studies of electroweakly interacting particles at 100 TeV hadron colliders, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 055018 [arXiv:1904.11162] [INSPIRE].
M. Ibe, S. Matsumoto and R. Sato, Mass Splitting between Charged and Neutral Winos at Two-Loop Level, Phys. Lett. B 721 (2013) 252 [arXiv:1212.5989] [INSPIRE].
R. Mahbubani, P. Schwaller and J. Zurita, Closing the window for compressed Dark Sectors with disappearing charged tracks, JHEP 06 (2017) 119 [Erratum JHEP 10 (2017) 061] [arXiv:1703.05327] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for long-lived charginos based on a disappearing-track signature in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector, JHEP 06 (2018) 022 [arXiv:1712.02118] [INSPIRE].
T. Han, S. Mukhopadhyay and X. Wang, Electroweak Dark Matter at Future Hadron Colliders, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 035026 [arXiv:1805.00015] [INSPIRE].
M. Saito, R. Sawada, K. Terashi and S. Asai, Discovery reach for wino and higgsino dark matter with a disappearing track signature at a 100 TeV pp collider, Eur. Phys. J. C 79 (2019) 469 [arXiv:1901.02987] [INSPIRE].
H. Fukuda, N. Nagata, H. Otono and S. Shirai, Higgsino Dark Matter or Not: Role of Disappearing Track Searches at the LHC and Future Colliders, Phys. Lett. B 781 (2018) 306 [arXiv:1703.09675] [INSPIRE].
M. Cirelli, A. Strumia and M. Tamburini, Cosmology and Astrophysics of Minimal Dark Matter, Nucl. Phys. B 787 (2007) 152 [arXiv:0706.4071] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for long-lived charged particles in proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 13 TeV, Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 112004 [arXiv:1609.08382] [INSPIRE].
J. Alimena et al., Searching for long-lived particles beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider, J. Phys. G 47 (2020) 090501 [arXiv:1903.04497] [INSPIRE].
J. Alwall et al., The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations, JHEP 07 (2014) 079 [arXiv:1405.0301] [INSPIRE].
M.J. Ramsey-Musolf, The electroweak phase transition: a collider target, JHEP 09 (2020) 179 [arXiv:1912.07189] [INSPIRE].
B. Fuks, M. Klasen, D.R. Lamprea and M. Rothering, Revisiting slepton pair production at the Large Hadron Collider, JHEP 01 (2014) 168 [arXiv:1310.2621] [INSPIRE].
J. Fiaschi, M. Klasen and M. Sunder, Slepton pair production with aNNLO + NNLL precision, JHEP 04 (2020) 049 [arXiv:1911.02419] [INSPIRE].
D. Egana-Ugrinovic, M. Low and J.T. Ruderman, Charged Fermions Below 100 GeV, JHEP 05 (2018) 012 [arXiv:1801.05432] [INSPIRE].
LEP2 SUSY Working Group, Combined LEP Chargino Results, up to 208 GeV for low DM, LEPSUSYWG/02-04.1 (2002) and online at http://lepsusy.web.cern.ch/lepsusy/www/inoslowdmsummer02/charginolowdm_pub.html.
M.J. Dolan, C. Englert and M. Spannowsky, New Physics in LHC Higgs boson pair production, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 055002 [arXiv:1210.8166] [INSPIRE].
T. Sjöstrand et al., An introduction to PYTHIA 8.2, Comput. Phys. Commun. 191 (2015) 159 [arXiv:1410.3012] [INSPIRE].
M. Cacciari, G.P. Salam and G. Soyez, FastJet User Manual, Eur. Phys. J. C 72 (2012) 1896 [arXiv:1111.6097] [INSPIRE].
M.L. Mangano, M. Moretti, F. Piccinini and M. Treccani, Matching matrix elements and shower evolution for top-quark production in hadronic collisions, JHEP 01 (2007) 013 [hep-ph/0611129] [INSPIRE].
G. Bélanger et al., LHC-friendly minimal freeze-in models, JHEP 02 (2019) 186 [arXiv:1811.05478] [INSPIRE].
P. Gondolo and G. Gelmini, Cosmic abundances of stable particles: Improved analysis, Nucl. Phys. B 360 (1991) 145 [INSPIRE].
E.W. Kolb and M.S. Turner, The Early Universe, Front. Phys. 69 (1990) 1 [INSPIRE].
K. Griest and D. Seckel, Three exceptions in the calculation of relic abundances, Phys. Rev. D 43 (1991) 3191 [INSPIRE].
S. Mizuta and M. Yamaguchi, Coannihilation effects and relic abundance of Higgsino dominant LSPs, Phys. Lett. B 298 (1993) 120 [hep-ph/9208251] [INSPIRE].
J. Edsjo and P. Gondolo, Neutralino relic density including coannihilations, Phys. Rev. D 56 (1997) 1879 [hep-ph/9704361] [INSPIRE].
A. Semenov, LanHEP — A package for automatic generation of Feynman rules from the Lagrangian. Version 3.2, Comput. Phys. Commun. 201 (2016) 167 [arXiv:1412.5016] [INSPIRE].
A. Belyaev, N.D. Christensen and A. Pukhov, CalcHEP 3.4 for collider physics within and beyond the Standard Model, Comput. Phys. Commun. 184 (2013) 1729 [arXiv:1207.6082] [INSPIRE].
G. Bélanger, F. Boudjema, A. Pukhov and A. Semenov, MicrOMEGAs_3: A program for calculating dark matter observables, Comput. Phys. Commun. 185 (2014) 960 [arXiv:1305.0237] [INSPIRE].
J. Hisano, S. Matsumoto, M. Nagai, O. Saito and M. Senami, Non-perturbative effect on thermal relic abundance of dark matter, Phys. Lett. B 646 (2007) 34 [hep-ph/0610249] [INSPIRE].
B. von Harling and K. Petraki, Bound-state formation for thermal relic dark matter and unitarity, JCAP 12 (2014) 033 [arXiv:1407.7874] [INSPIRE].
H. An, M.B. Wise and Y. Zhang, Effects of Bound States on Dark Matter Annihilation, Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 115020 [arXiv:1604.01776] [INSPIRE].
M. Cirelli, P. Panci, K. Petraki, F. Sala and M. Taoso, Dark Matter’s secret liaisons: phenomenology of a dark U(1) sector with bound states, JCAP 05 (2017) 036 [arXiv:1612.07295] [INSPIRE].
A. Mitridate, M. Redi, J. Smirnov and A. Strumia, Cosmological Implications of Dark Matter Bound States, JCAP 05 (2017) 006 [arXiv:1702.01141] [INSPIRE].
J.D. March-Russell and S.M. West, WIMPonium and Boost Factors for Indirect Dark Matter Detection, Phys. Lett. B 676 (2009) 133 [arXiv:0812.0559] [INSPIRE].
P. Asadi, M. Baumgart, P.J. Fitzpatrick, E. Krupczak and T.R. Slatyer, Capture and Decay of Electroweak WIMPonium, JCAP 02 (2017) 005 [arXiv:1610.07617] [INSPIRE].
W. Shepherd, T.M.P. Tait and G. Zaharijas, Bound states of weakly interacting dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 79 (2009) 055022 [arXiv:0901.2125] [INSPIRE].
E. Braaten, E. Johnson and H. Zhang, Zero-range effective field theory for resonant wino dark matter. Part I. Framework, JHEP 11 (2017) 108 [arXiv:1706.02253] [INSPIRE].
E. Braaten, E. Johnson and H. Zhang, Zero-range effective field theory for resonant wino dark matter. Part II. Coulomb resummation, JHEP 02 (2018) 150 [arXiv:1708.07155] [INSPIRE].
E. Braaten, E. Johnson and H. Zhang, Zero-range effective field theory for resonant wino dark matter. Part III. Annihilation effects, JHEP 05 (2018) 062 [arXiv:1712.07142] [INSPIRE].
J. Smirnov and J.F. Beacom, TeV-Scale Thermal WIMPs: Unitarity and its Consequences, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 043029 [arXiv:1904.11503] [INSPIRE].
LUX collaboration, Results from a search for dark matter in the complete LUX exposure, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 021303 [arXiv:1608.07648] [INSPIRE].
PandaX-II collaboration, Dark Matter Results From 54-Ton-Day Exposure of PandaX-II Experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 181302 [arXiv:1708.06917] [INSPIRE].
XENON collaboration, Dark Matter Search Results from a One Ton-Year Exposure of XENON1T, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 111302 [arXiv:1805.12562] [INSPIRE].
M. Drees and M. Nojiri, Neutralino-nucleon scattering revisited, Phys. Rev. D 48 (1993) 3483 [hep-ph/9307208] [INSPIRE].
G. Jungman, M. Kamionkowski and K. Griest, Supersymmetric dark matter, Phys. Rept. 267 (1996) 195 [hep-ph/9506380] [INSPIRE].
J. Hisano, K. Ishiwata and N. Nagata, A complete calculation for direct detection of Wino dark matter, Phys. Lett. B 690 (2010) 311 [arXiv:1004.4090] [INSPIRE].
J. Hisano, K. Ishiwata, N. Nagata and T. Takesako, Direct Detection of Electroweak-Interacting Dark Matter, JHEP 07 (2011) 005 [arXiv:1104.0228] [INSPIRE].
J. Hisano, D. Kobayashi, N. Mori and E. Senaha, Effective Interaction of Electroweak-Interacting Dark Matter with Higgs Boson and Its Phenomenology, Phys. Lett. B 742 (2015) 80 [arXiv:1410.3569] [INSPIRE].
R.J. Hill and M.P. Solon, Standard Model anatomy of WIMP dark matter direct detection I: weak-scale matching, Phys. Rev. D 91 (2015) 043504 [arXiv:1401.3339] [INSPIRE].
R.J. Hill and M.P. Solon, Standard Model anatomy of WIMP dark matter direct detection II: QCD analysis and hadronic matrix elements, Phys. Rev. D 91 (2015) 043505 [arXiv:1409.8290] [INSPIRE].
J.M. Alarcon, J. Martin Camalich and J.A. Oller, The chiral representation of the πN scattering amplitude and the pion-nucleon sigma term, Phys. Rev. D 85 (2012) 051503 [arXiv:1110.3797] [INSPIRE].
J.M. Alarcon, L.S. Geng, J. Martin Camalich and J.A. Oller, The strangeness content of the nucleon from effective field theory and phenomenology, Phys. Lett. B 730 (2014) 342 [arXiv:1209.2870] [INSPIRE].
J. Hisano, K. Ishiwata and N. Nagata, QCD Effects on Direct Detection of Wino Dark Matter, JHEP 06 (2015) 097 [arXiv:1504.00915] [INSPIRE].
N. Khan, Exploring the hyperchargeless Higgs triplet model up to the Planck scale, Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 341 [arXiv:1610.03178] [INSPIRE].
M. Chabab, M.C. Peyranère and L. Rahili, Probing the Higgs sector of Y = 0 Higgs Triplet Model at LHC, Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 873 [arXiv:1805.00286] [INSPIRE].
N.F. Bell, M.J. Dolan, L.S. Friedrich, M.J. Ramsey-Musolf and R.R. Volkas, Two-Step Electroweak Symmetry-Breaking: Theory Meets Experiment, JHEP 05 (2020) 050 [arXiv:2001.05335] [INSPIRE].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ArXiv ePrint: 2003.07867
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Chiang, CW., Cottin, G., Du, Y. et al. Collider probes of real triplet scalar dark matter. J. High Energ. Phys. 2021, 198 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2021)198
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2021)198