Abstract
The principal hypothesis of this study was that delaying the onset of extinction trials would decrease resistance to extinction and eliminate or greatly reduce the partial reinforcement extinction effect. Subjects were 137 Sprague-Dawley female rats, approximately 60 days old at the start of training. The task was standard bar-press training, with Noyes pellets as reinforcers. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four reinforcement schedules (CRF, FR:4, FR:8, FR:12), and to one of three delay groups (1-day, 7-day, 31-day). The dependent variable was number of responses to extinction (no responses in 5 continuous min.). The results indicated that a long delay between acquisition and extinction trials is associated with a decreased resistance to extinction under several schedules of reinforcement. The partial reinforcement extinction effect was greatly reduced and differences among various FR schedules eliminated at the 31-day delay period.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AIKEN, E. G., & GIBSON, K. L. 1965. Continuous and fixed ratio reinforcement effects in extinction one day and three weeks after acquisition. Psychonomic Science, 3, 527–528.
AMSEL, A. 1962. Frustrative nonreward in partial reinforcement and discrimination learning: Some recent history and a theoretical extension. Psychological Review, 69, 306–328.
BOREN, J. J. 1961. Resistance to extinction as a function of the fixed ratio. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 304–308.
CAPALDI, E. J. 1966. Partial reinforcement: A hypothesis of sequential effects. Psychological Review, 73, 459–477.
CAPALDI, E. J. 1971. Memory and learning: A sequential viewpoint. In W. K. Honig & P. H. R. James (Eds.), Animal memory. New York: Academic Press.
CRAIGHEAD, E. W., KAZDIN, A. E., & MAHONEY, M. J. 1976. Behavior modification. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
DONIN, J. A., SURRIDGE, C. T., & AMSEL, A. 1967. Extinction following partial delay of reward with immediate continuous reward interpolated at 24-hour intertrial intervals. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74, 50–53.
FERSTER, C. B., & SKINNER, B. F. 1957. Schedules of reinforcement. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc.
FLAHERTY, C. G., HAMILTON, L. W., GANDELMAN, R. J., & Spear, N. E. 1977. Learning and memory. Chicago: Rand McNally.
GONZALEZ, R. C., FERNHOFF, D., & DAVID, F. G. 1973. Contrast, resistance to extinction, and forgetting in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 84, 562–571.
HILGARD, E. R., & BOWER, G. H. 1975. Theories of learning. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall.
HILL, W. F., SPEAR, N. E., COTTON, J. W., & DUNCAN, C. F. 1969. Retention of T-maze learning after varying intervals following partial and continuous reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 79, 584–585.
HINTZMAN, D. L. 1978. The psychology of learning and memory. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman & Company.
HOLLOWAY, F., & STURGIS, R. 1976. Periodic decrements in retrieval of memory of nonreinforcement as reflected in resistance to extinction. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 2, 335–341.
HORTON, D. L., & TURNAGE, J. W. 1976. Human learning. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall.
HOUSTON, J. P. 1976. Fundamentals of learning. New York: Academic Press.
HÜLSE, H., DEESE, J., & EGETH, H. 1975. The psychology of learning. New York: McGraw-Hill.
JENKINS, H. M. 1962. Resistance to extinction when partial reinforcement is followed by regular reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64, 441–450.
MacINTOSH, N. J. 1970. Distribution of trials and the partial reinforcement effect in the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 73, 341–348.
MARX, M. H. 1971. Learning: Processes. New York: MacMillan Company.
MOYER, K. E. 1958. Effect of delay between training and extinction on the extinction of an avoidance response. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 51, 116–118.
RACHLIN, H. 1976. Behavior and learning. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman & Company.
RESTLE, J. 1975. Learning: Animal behavior and human cognition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
ROBINSON, R. E. 1972. The influence of three parameters of response. Dissertation Abstracts International, 32(9-B), 5498.
SCHWARTZ, B. 1978. Psychology of learning and behavior. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
THEIOS, J. 1962. The partial reinforcement effect sustained through blocks of continuous reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64, 1–6.
THOMPSON, C. P., HIGGINS, R. L., & WARNER, A. W. 1968. Compound conditioning: Secondary extinction or delay of extinction ? Psychological Reports, 23, 588–589.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Johnson, D.A., Harrell, E.H. & Pachman, J. Effects of Delay of Extinction on Resistance to Extinction. Psychol Rec 29, 111–118 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03394596
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03394596