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Wege aus der müden (Arbeits-)Gesellschaft: Erklärungsmodelle, Messansätze und Gegenmaßnahmen

Comment sortir d’une société (de travail) fatiguée: modèles explicatifs, approches de mesures et de contre-mesures

Escaping Drowsiness: Models, Measures and Countermeasures

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Zusammenfassung

In diesem Beitrag werden Ursachenmodelle, Begleiterscheinungen, Messverfahren von Schläfrigkeit und unmittelbare Gegenmaßnahmen ihrer Bewältigung dargestellt. Zunächst werden auf der Grundlage physiologischer und psychologischer Begleitsymptome (automatisierte) Messansätze abgeleitet. Die aufgeführten Bewältigungsstrategien werden auf der Verhaltensebene in stimulierende und deaktivierende eingeteilt, und anschließend um Überlegungen zu verhältnisorientierten erweitert. Abschließend werden die für die individuelle Auswahlentscheidung von Gegenmaßnahmen relevanten situativen und personenbezogenen Determinanten am Beispiel des Napping dargestellt. Ein Rahmenmodell, das die dargestellten relevanten Einflussgrößen mit Blick auf eine effektive Erholungskompetenz beschreibt, wird vorgestellt. Zukünftige Forschungsbemühungen sollten neben der nüchternen ganzheitlichen Analyse von (nicht-)pharmakologischen Stimulanzien insbesondere evaluierte Implementierungen von Napping in den betrieblichen Alltag vornehmen und dabei stärker auf kulturelle Einflussgrößen fokussieren.

Résumé

Dans cette contribution, on a représenté une vue d’ensemble des modèles des causes de la somnolence, ainsi que des phénomènes concomitants, des méthodes de mesures et des contre-mesures immédiates. D’abord, des évaluations de mesures sont dérivées des symptômes d’accompagnement physiologiques et psychologiques. Pour terminer, les stratégies d’accomplissement mentionnées ont été avant tout divisées en stimulant et en désactivant le comportement orienté, avant que des réflexions orientées soient élaborées. Finalement, des contre-mesures dans des situations essentielles et des déterminants relationnels entre personne, à l’exemple du Napping, sont représentés. Un modèle cadre, qui décrit les valeurs d’influence importantes en tenant compte d’une compétence de récupération efficace, est décrit. De futurs efforts de recherche devraient entreprendre en particulier les implémentations évaluées de «napping» dans le quotidien industriel et également se focaliser plus fortement sur les valeurs d’influence culturelle.

Abstract

Sleepiness plays an important role within individual, organizational and economical contexts, especially when focusing on safety, performance or quality of life. Precise measurement of fatigue and sleepiness in professional and private life allows determining the individual’s need for action and serve as integral parts of automated fatigue countermeasure devices. A short overview is given on causes, side effects, measurement instruments and countermeasures of sleepiness.

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  1. Experimentelle Wirtschaftspsychologie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, D-42097, Wuppertal, Deutschland

    Jarek Krajewski,  Inga Mühlenbrock &  Sebastian Schnieder

  2. Landesinstitut für Gesundheit und Arbeit des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ulenbergstraße 127 - 131, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    Kai Seiler

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Krajewski, J., Mühlenbrock, I., Schnieder, S. et al. Wege aus der müden (Arbeits-)Gesellschaft: Erklärungsmodelle, Messansätze und Gegenmaßnahmen. Z. Arb. Wiss. 65, 97–115 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03373824

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