Abstract
Ascochyta blight of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), caused by Didymella rabiei, is an important disease of chickpea world- wide. Under favourable conditions, the pathogen completes several disease cycles in one cropping season. To assess the effect of multiple infection cycles on the aggressiveness of D. rabiei, two isolates of the pathogen were inoculated onto each of three chickpea cultivars, then re-isolated and re-inoc- ulated onto the same cultivar for five generations. Subcultures of each isolate were retained after each generation, and the aggressiveness of each subculture was assessed at the end of the study by measuring blight severity when re-inoculated onto all three chickpea cultivars. The effect of isolate genera- tion was small but significant. Blight severity on a cultivar increased with repeated culturing on that cultivar. This indi- cates that the aggressiveness of the pathogen population in the field is likely to increase on a cultivar as a result of repeat- ed infection of that cultivar. Thus, avoiding repeated cultiva- tion of a cultivar in a field may reduce the potential severity of Ascochyta blight outbreaks.
Zusammenfassung
Der durch den pflanzenpathogenen Pilz Didymella rabiei verursachte Ascochyta-Brand der Kichererbse (Cicer arietinum) ist weltweit eine der bedeutendsten Erkrankungen dieser Nutzpflanze. Unter günstigen Bedingungen vollendet der Erreger mehrere Entwicklungszyklen pro Vegetationsperiode. Zur Untersuchung des Einflusses wiederholter Infektionszyklen auf die Agressivität des Pathogens wurden drei Kichererbsensorten mit je zwei Isolaten von D. rabiei inokuliert, der Erreger reisoliert und dieselben Sorten für weitere fünf Erregerzyklen inokuliert. Nach jedem Zyklus wurden die Isolate subkultiviert und ihre Aggressivität durch Erhebung der Befallsstärke nach Reinokulation aller drei Sorten gemessen. Der Einfluss wiederholter Zyklen war gering aber signifikant. Die Befallsstärke stieg mit wiederholter Kultivierung der Isolate bei allen Sorten, was darauf hindeutet, dass die Aggressivität einer Erregerpopulation mit wiederholter Infektion einer Kichererbsensorte im Feld zunimmt. Die Vermeidung zu enger Fruchtfolgen könnte daher die Stärke von Epidemien des Ascochyta-Brands der Kichererbse vermindern.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmed, H.U., C.C. Mundt, M.E. Hoffer, S.M. Coakley, 1996: Selective influence of wheat cultivars on pathogenicity of Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici). Phytopathology 86, 454–458.
Ahmed, H.U., K.F. Chang, S.F. Hwang, R.J. Howard, 2005: Surveillance of ascochyta blight of chickpea in southern Alberta in 2004: Can. J. Plant Pathol. 27, 145.
Ahmed, H.U., K.F. Chang, S.F. Hwang, B.D. Gossen, R.J. Howard, T. D. Warkentin, 2006: Components of disease resistance in desi and kabuli chickpea varieties against ascochyta blight. Plant Pathol. J. 5, 336–342.
Ahmed, H.U., K.F. Chang, S.F. Hwang, S.E. Strelkov, D.J. Bing, G.D. Turnbull, 2007: Pathogenic diversity of Didymella rabiei isolates from southern Alberta, Canada. J. Plant Dis. Protect. 114, 189–195.
Armstrong, C.L., G. Chongo, B.D. Gossen, L.J. Duczek, 2001: Mating type distribution and incidence of teleomorph of Ascochyta rabiei (Didymella rabiei) in Canada. Can. J. Plant. Pathol. 23, 110–113.
Chang, K. F., R.J. Howard, M.A. Briant, D.A. Burke, M. Clawson, 2000: Survey for ascochyta blight and root rot diseases of chickpea in southern Alberta in 1999: Can. Plant Dis. Surv. 80, 83–85.
Chang, K.F., H.U. Ahmed, S.F. Hwang, R.J. Howard, 2005: Manipulation of row spacing and seeding rate for the management of ascochyta blight of chickpea. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 27, 145–146.
Chang, K.F., S.F. Hwang, A.H. Khadhair, H.U. Ahmed, S.E. Strelkov, 2008: Molecular diversity of Ascochyta rabiei from chickpea in Alberta, Canada. Plant Pathol. J. 7, 20–26.
Chen, W., C.J. Coyne, T.L. Peever, F.J. Muehlbauer, 2004: Characterization of chickpea differentials for pathogenicity assay of ascochyta blight and identification of chickpea accessions resistant to Didymella rabiei. Plant Pathol. 53, 759–769.
Chongo, G., B.D. Gossen, 2003: Diseases of chickpea. In: K.L. Bailey, B.D. Gossen, R. Gugel, R.A.A. Morrall (eds.): Diseases of Field Crops in Canada, pp. 185–190. Canadian Phytopathological Society, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Chongo, G., B.D. Gossen, L. Buchwaldt, T. Adhikari, R.R. Rimmer, 2004: Genetic diversity of Ascochyta rabiei in Canada. Plant Dis. 88, 4–10.
Gan, Y., P. Liu, C. Mcdonald, 2002: Severity of ascochyta blight in relation to leaf type in chickpea. Crop Sci. 43, 2291–2294.
Hall, T.A., 1999: BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. 41, 95–98.
Harrower, K.M., 1977: Specialization of Leptosphaeria nodorum to alternative graminicious hosts. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 65, 101–103.
Horsfall, J.G., R.W. Barratt, 1945: An improved grading system for measuring plant diseases. Phytopathology 35, 65.
Jan, H., M.V. Wiese, 1991: Virulence forms of Ascochyta rabiei affecting chickpea in Palouse. Plant Dis. 75, 904–906.
King, J.E., R.J. Cook, S.C. Melville, 1983: A review of septoria disease of wheat and barley. Ann. Appl. Biol. 103, 345–375.
Mcvicar, R., P. Pearse, K. Panchuk, C. Brenzil, S. Hartley, C. Harris, J. Yasinowski, D. Goodwillie, T. Warkentin, S. Banniza, 2006: Chickpea in Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food Factsheet. [Online] Available: http://www.agr.gov.sk.ca/docs/crops/pulses/production_infor-mation/chickpea2002.asp?firstPick=Crops&secondpick=Pulses&thirdpick=Production%20Information. Accessed August, 21, 2006.
Navas-Cortés, J.A., E. Pérez-Artés, R.M. Jiménez-Díaz, A. Llobell, B.W. Brainbridge, J.B. Heale, 1998: Mating type, pathotype, RAPDs analysis in Didymella rabiei, the agent of ascochyta blight of chickpea. Phytoparasitica 26, 199–212.
Nene, Y.L., 1982: A review of ascochyta blight of chickpea. Trop. Pest. Manage. 28, 61–70.
Nene, Y.L., M.V. Reddy, 1987: Chickpea diseases and their control. In: M.C. Saxena, K.B. Singh (eds.): The Chickpea, pp. 233–270. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International, Oxon, UK.
Osbourn, A.E., R. Scott, C.E. Caten, 1986: The effect of host passaging on the adaptation of Septoria nodorum to wheat or barley. Plant Pathol. 35, 135–145.
Reddy, M.V., S. Kabbabeh, 1985: Pathogenic variability in Ascochyta rabiei (Pass) Lab. in Syria and Lebanon. Phytopathol. Medit. 24, 265–266.
Rufty, R.C., T.T. Herbert, C.F. Murphy, 1981: Variation in virulence in isolates of Septoria nodorum. Phytopathology 71, 593–596.
Sas Institute Inc., 2005: SAS OnlineDoc® 9.1.3. SAS Institute Inc. Cary, N.C. [Online] Available: http://www.v8doc.sas.com/sashtml/ [2005 Aug. 22].
Singh, G., 1990: Identification and designation of physiological races of Ascochyta rabiei in India. Ind. Phytopathol. 43, 48–52.
Singh, K.B., M.V. Reddy, Y.L. Nene, 1984: International testing of chickpeas for resistance to ascochyta blight. Plant Dis. 68, 782–784.
Thompson, J.D., T.J. Gibson, F. Plewniak, F. Jeanmougin, D.G. Higgins, 1997: The Clustal_X Windows interface: Flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucl. Acids Res. 24, 7876–4882.
Vail, S., S. Banniza, 2008: Structure and pathogenic variability in Ascochyta rabiei populations on chickpea in the Canadian prairies. Plant Pathol. 57, 665–673.
Vir, S., J.S. Grewal, 1974: Physiological specialization in Ascochyta rabiei, the causal organism of gram blight. Ind. Phytopathol. 27, 265–266.
White, T.J., T. Bruns, S. Lee, J. Taylor, 1990: Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: M.A. Innis, D.H. Gelfand, J.J. Sninsky, T.J. White (eds.): PCR Protocols, A Guide to Methods and Applications, pp. 315–322. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ahmed, H.U., Hwang, S.F., Gossen, B.D. et al. Adaptation to host (chickpea) genotype by isolates of Didymella rabiei following repeated cycles of infection. J Plant Dis Prot 116, 177–181 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356307
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356307